New Approaches to Immunotherapy for HPV Associated Cancers
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer of women worldwide and is the first cancer shown to be entirely induced by a virus, the human papillomavirus (HPV, major oncogenic genotypes HPV-16 and -18). Two recently developed prophylactic cervical cancer vaccines, using virus-like particles (VLP...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2011-09-01
|
| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/3/3/3461/ |
| _version_ | 1797765670490865664 |
|---|---|
| author | Deepak Mittal Ian H Frazer Anne-Sophie Bergot Andrew Kassianos |
| author_facet | Deepak Mittal Ian H Frazer Anne-Sophie Bergot Andrew Kassianos |
| author_sort | Deepak Mittal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer of women worldwide and is the first cancer shown to be entirely induced by a virus, the human papillomavirus (HPV, major oncogenic genotypes HPV-16 and -18). Two recently developed prophylactic cervical cancer vaccines, using virus-like particles (VLP) technology, have the potential to prevent a large proportion of cervical cancer associated with HPV infection and to ensure long-term protection. However, prophylactic HPV vaccines do not have therapeutic effects against pre-existing HPV infections and do not prevent their progression to HPV-associated malignancy. In animal models, therapeutic vaccines for persisting HPV infection can eliminate transplantable tumors expressing HPV antigens, but are of limited efficacy in inducing rejection of skin grafts expressing the same antigens. In humans, clinical trials have reported successful immunotherapy of HPV lesions, providing hope and further interest. This review discusses possible new approaches to immunotherapy for HPV associated cancer, based on recent advances in our knowledge of the immunobiology of HPV infection, of epithelial immunology and of immunoregulation, with a brief overview on previous and current HPV vaccine clinical trials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T20:13:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3755829dbf9047cfaf6a659040c6fdcf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T20:13:26Z |
| publishDate | 2011-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-3755829dbf9047cfaf6a659040c6fdcf2023-08-02T01:29:06ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942011-09-01333461349510.3390/cancers3033461New Approaches to Immunotherapy for HPV Associated CancersDeepak MittalIan H FrazerAnne-Sophie BergotAndrew KassianosCervical cancer is the second most common cancer of women worldwide and is the first cancer shown to be entirely induced by a virus, the human papillomavirus (HPV, major oncogenic genotypes HPV-16 and -18). Two recently developed prophylactic cervical cancer vaccines, using virus-like particles (VLP) technology, have the potential to prevent a large proportion of cervical cancer associated with HPV infection and to ensure long-term protection. However, prophylactic HPV vaccines do not have therapeutic effects against pre-existing HPV infections and do not prevent their progression to HPV-associated malignancy. In animal models, therapeutic vaccines for persisting HPV infection can eliminate transplantable tumors expressing HPV antigens, but are of limited efficacy in inducing rejection of skin grafts expressing the same antigens. In humans, clinical trials have reported successful immunotherapy of HPV lesions, providing hope and further interest. This review discusses possible new approaches to immunotherapy for HPV associated cancer, based on recent advances in our knowledge of the immunobiology of HPV infection, of epithelial immunology and of immunoregulation, with a brief overview on previous and current HPV vaccine clinical trials.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/3/3/3461/HPVvaccinevirus-like particlesimmunotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Deepak Mittal Ian H Frazer Anne-Sophie Bergot Andrew Kassianos New Approaches to Immunotherapy for HPV Associated Cancers Cancers HPV vaccine virus-like particles immunotherapy |
| title | New Approaches to Immunotherapy for HPV Associated Cancers |
| title_full | New Approaches to Immunotherapy for HPV Associated Cancers |
| title_fullStr | New Approaches to Immunotherapy for HPV Associated Cancers |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Approaches to Immunotherapy for HPV Associated Cancers |
| title_short | New Approaches to Immunotherapy for HPV Associated Cancers |
| title_sort | new approaches to immunotherapy for hpv associated cancers |
| topic | HPV vaccine virus-like particles immunotherapy |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/3/3/3461/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT deepakmittal newapproachestoimmunotherapyforhpvassociatedcancers AT ianhfrazer newapproachestoimmunotherapyforhpvassociatedcancers AT annesophiebergot newapproachestoimmunotherapyforhpvassociatedcancers AT andrewkassianos newapproachestoimmunotherapyforhpvassociatedcancers |