Aflatoxin B1 in nixtamalized maize in Mexico; occurrence and accompanying risk assessment
Maize is a staple food in Mexico that might contain Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Nonetheless, data on the exposure and risk assessment of AFB1 from maize for the Mexican population are limited. The aim of the present study was to analyse the occurrence of AFB1 in Mexican nixtamalized maize samples, and to a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Toxicology Reports |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750019302616 |
| _version_ | 1819017771068948480 |
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| author | Ixchel Gilbert Sandoval Sebastiaan Wesseling Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens |
| author_facet | Ixchel Gilbert Sandoval Sebastiaan Wesseling Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens |
| author_sort | Ixchel Gilbert Sandoval |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Maize is a staple food in Mexico that might contain Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Nonetheless, data on the exposure and risk assessment of AFB1 from maize for the Mexican population are limited. The aim of the present study was to analyse the occurrence of AFB1 in Mexican nixtamalized maize samples, and to assess the accompanying exposure and risk. Four out of 88 samples contained AFB1 at levels above the limit of detection (1 ng/g). AFB1 occurrence values obtained in this study and additional occurrence values from literature were combined with available literature data for mean and P95 consumption of maize based products. For a 70 kg body weight person, lower bound and upper bound exposure assessments resulted in estimated daily intakes (EDI) of 0.7–8.5 ng/kg bw/day, based on a mean maize consumption. Based on the P95 maize consumption these EDI values amounted to 3.3–11.7 ng/kg bw/day. The corresponding Margin of Exposure (MOE) values amounted to 257-20 for the mean and 50-15 for the P95 consumers. The estimated increased cancer risks were 9-320 and 43-439 cases/106 individuals/lifetime of 75 years for the mean and P95 consumers, respectively. Altogether, the assessment reveals the need for continued risk management of AFB1 in Mexico. Keywords: Aflatoxin B1, Maize, Mexico, Risk assessment, Margin of exposure (MOE), Liver cancer |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:08:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37569862e35d4201b082370aac9f5df3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2214-7500 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:08:49Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxicology Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-37569862e35d4201b082370aac9f5df32022-12-21T19:18:02ZengElsevierToxicology Reports2214-75002019-01-01611351142Aflatoxin B1 in nixtamalized maize in Mexico; occurrence and accompanying risk assessmentIxchel Gilbert Sandoval0Sebastiaan Wesseling1Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens2Corresponding author.; Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708WE, NetherlandsDivision of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708WE, NetherlandsDivision of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708WE, NetherlandsMaize is a staple food in Mexico that might contain Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Nonetheless, data on the exposure and risk assessment of AFB1 from maize for the Mexican population are limited. The aim of the present study was to analyse the occurrence of AFB1 in Mexican nixtamalized maize samples, and to assess the accompanying exposure and risk. Four out of 88 samples contained AFB1 at levels above the limit of detection (1 ng/g). AFB1 occurrence values obtained in this study and additional occurrence values from literature were combined with available literature data for mean and P95 consumption of maize based products. For a 70 kg body weight person, lower bound and upper bound exposure assessments resulted in estimated daily intakes (EDI) of 0.7–8.5 ng/kg bw/day, based on a mean maize consumption. Based on the P95 maize consumption these EDI values amounted to 3.3–11.7 ng/kg bw/day. The corresponding Margin of Exposure (MOE) values amounted to 257-20 for the mean and 50-15 for the P95 consumers. The estimated increased cancer risks were 9-320 and 43-439 cases/106 individuals/lifetime of 75 years for the mean and P95 consumers, respectively. Altogether, the assessment reveals the need for continued risk management of AFB1 in Mexico. Keywords: Aflatoxin B1, Maize, Mexico, Risk assessment, Margin of exposure (MOE), Liver cancerhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750019302616 |
| spellingShingle | Ixchel Gilbert Sandoval Sebastiaan Wesseling Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens Aflatoxin B1 in nixtamalized maize in Mexico; occurrence and accompanying risk assessment Toxicology Reports |
| title | Aflatoxin B1 in nixtamalized maize in Mexico; occurrence and accompanying risk assessment |
| title_full | Aflatoxin B1 in nixtamalized maize in Mexico; occurrence and accompanying risk assessment |
| title_fullStr | Aflatoxin B1 in nixtamalized maize in Mexico; occurrence and accompanying risk assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aflatoxin B1 in nixtamalized maize in Mexico; occurrence and accompanying risk assessment |
| title_short | Aflatoxin B1 in nixtamalized maize in Mexico; occurrence and accompanying risk assessment |
| title_sort | aflatoxin b1 in nixtamalized maize in mexico occurrence and accompanying risk assessment |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750019302616 |
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