Redox Signaling Modulates Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients
Although immunotherapy is already a staple of cancer care, many patients may not benefit from these cutting-edge treatments. A crucial field of research now focuses on figuring out how to improve treatment efficacy and assess the resistance mechanisms underlying this uneven response. For a good resp...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/5/1325 |
| _version_ | 1797600912590503936 |
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| author | Alessandro Allegra Giuseppe Murdaca Giuseppe Mirabile Sebastiano Gangemi |
| author_facet | Alessandro Allegra Giuseppe Murdaca Giuseppe Mirabile Sebastiano Gangemi |
| author_sort | Alessandro Allegra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although immunotherapy is already a staple of cancer care, many patients may not benefit from these cutting-edge treatments. A crucial field of research now focuses on figuring out how to improve treatment efficacy and assess the resistance mechanisms underlying this uneven response. For a good response, immune-based treatments, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors, rely on a strong infiltration of T cells into the tumour microenvironment. The severe metabolic environment that immune cells must endure can drastically reduce effector activity. These immune dysregulation-related tumour-mediated perturbations include oxidative stress, which can encourage lipid peroxidation, ER stress, and T regulatory cells dysfunction. In this review, we have made an effort to characterize the status of immunological checkpoints, the degree of oxidative stress, and the part that latter plays in determining the therapeutic impact of immunological check point inhibitors in different neoplastic diseases. In the second section of the review, we will make an effort to assess new therapeutic possibilities that, by affecting redox signalling, may modify the effectiveness of immunological treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:55:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-375a0f128c5a42e09ad2905bf1dff3de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:55:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-375a0f128c5a42e09ad2905bf1dff3de2023-11-18T00:35:22ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-04-01115132510.3390/biomedicines11051325Redox Signaling Modulates Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer PatientsAlessandro Allegra0Giuseppe Murdaca1Giuseppe Mirabile2Sebastiano Gangemi3Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, n. 6, 16132 Genova, ItalyDivision of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyAllergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyAlthough immunotherapy is already a staple of cancer care, many patients may not benefit from these cutting-edge treatments. A crucial field of research now focuses on figuring out how to improve treatment efficacy and assess the resistance mechanisms underlying this uneven response. For a good response, immune-based treatments, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors, rely on a strong infiltration of T cells into the tumour microenvironment. The severe metabolic environment that immune cells must endure can drastically reduce effector activity. These immune dysregulation-related tumour-mediated perturbations include oxidative stress, which can encourage lipid peroxidation, ER stress, and T regulatory cells dysfunction. In this review, we have made an effort to characterize the status of immunological checkpoints, the degree of oxidative stress, and the part that latter plays in determining the therapeutic impact of immunological check point inhibitors in different neoplastic diseases. In the second section of the review, we will make an effort to assess new therapeutic possibilities that, by affecting redox signalling, may modify the effectiveness of immunological treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/5/1325immune checkpointimmune check points inhibitoroxidative stresscancerimmune systemimmunotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Alessandro Allegra Giuseppe Murdaca Giuseppe Mirabile Sebastiano Gangemi Redox Signaling Modulates Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients Biomedicines immune checkpoint immune check points inhibitor oxidative stress cancer immune system immunotherapy |
| title | Redox Signaling Modulates Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients |
| title_full | Redox Signaling Modulates Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients |
| title_fullStr | Redox Signaling Modulates Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Redox Signaling Modulates Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients |
| title_short | Redox Signaling Modulates Activity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients |
| title_sort | redox signaling modulates activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients |
| topic | immune checkpoint immune check points inhibitor oxidative stress cancer immune system immunotherapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/5/1325 |
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