Serum cytokine profile of neonatal broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium
The avian immune system responds to Salmonella infection by expressing cytokines and chemokines. We hypothesized that the immune status of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) challenged neonatal broilers would differ from the uninfected treatment. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate 12 cytokine...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2024.1359722/full |
| _version_ | 1797299745575665664 |
|---|---|
| author | Allison Milby-Blackledge Yuhua Farnell Dan Zhao Luc Berghman Craig Laino Melissa Muller J. Allen Byrd Morgan Farnell |
| author_facet | Allison Milby-Blackledge Yuhua Farnell Dan Zhao Luc Berghman Craig Laino Melissa Muller J. Allen Byrd Morgan Farnell |
| author_sort | Allison Milby-Blackledge |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The avian immune system responds to Salmonella infection by expressing cytokines and chemokines. We hypothesized that the immune status of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) challenged neonatal broilers would differ from the uninfected treatment. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate 12 cytokines. Day of hatch male chicks were randomly allocated into a control or ST challenged group. At day three of age, sterile diluent or 5.0 × 108 CFU of ST was given orally to each chick. Blood was obtained 24 h post challenge and serum separated for later analysis (n = 30 chicks/treatment). Significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines-interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-16, and IL-21; anti-inflammatory cytokines- IL-10; chemokines-regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), and MIP-3α; colony stimulating factors-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF); and growth factors-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were observed in the serum of the challenged chicks when compared to the control. No significant differences were observed in IL-2, interferon gamma (IFNγ), and IFNα. These data indicate the detection of mucosal immune responses in broiler chickens following ST infection. The heightened levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and colony stimulating factors align with known inflammatory mechanisms, like the influx of immune cells. However, the elevation of IL-10 was unexpected, due to its immunoregulatory properties. Notably, the rise in VEGF levels is compelling, as it suggests the possibility of tissue repair and angiogenesis in ST infected birds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:56:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-376065fb73cc4d0087b1a3a86d9f2513 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:56:05Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-376065fb73cc4d0087b1a3a86d9f25132024-02-23T04:16:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2024-02-011510.3389/fphys.2024.13597221359722Serum cytokine profile of neonatal broiler chickens infected with Salmonella TyphimuriumAllison Milby-Blackledge0Yuhua Farnell1Dan Zhao2Luc Berghman3Craig Laino4Melissa Muller5J. Allen Byrd6Morgan Farnell7Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Poultry Science, College Station, TX, United StatesTexas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Poultry Science, College Station, TX, United StatesTexas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Poultry Science, College Station, TX, United StatesTexas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Poultry Science, College Station, TX, United StatesMillipore Sigma, Saint Louis, MO, United StatesMillipore Sigma, Saint Louis, MO, United StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX, United StatesTexas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Poultry Science, College Station, TX, United StatesThe avian immune system responds to Salmonella infection by expressing cytokines and chemokines. We hypothesized that the immune status of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) challenged neonatal broilers would differ from the uninfected treatment. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate 12 cytokines. Day of hatch male chicks were randomly allocated into a control or ST challenged group. At day three of age, sterile diluent or 5.0 × 108 CFU of ST was given orally to each chick. Blood was obtained 24 h post challenge and serum separated for later analysis (n = 30 chicks/treatment). Significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines-interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-16, and IL-21; anti-inflammatory cytokines- IL-10; chemokines-regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), and MIP-3α; colony stimulating factors-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF); and growth factors-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were observed in the serum of the challenged chicks when compared to the control. No significant differences were observed in IL-2, interferon gamma (IFNγ), and IFNα. These data indicate the detection of mucosal immune responses in broiler chickens following ST infection. The heightened levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and colony stimulating factors align with known inflammatory mechanisms, like the influx of immune cells. However, the elevation of IL-10 was unexpected, due to its immunoregulatory properties. Notably, the rise in VEGF levels is compelling, as it suggests the possibility of tissue repair and angiogenesis in ST infected birds.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2024.1359722/fullimmune responseimmunoassaypoultryserum cytokineSalmonella Typhimurium |
| spellingShingle | Allison Milby-Blackledge Yuhua Farnell Dan Zhao Luc Berghman Craig Laino Melissa Muller J. Allen Byrd Morgan Farnell Serum cytokine profile of neonatal broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium Frontiers in Physiology immune response immunoassay poultry serum cytokine Salmonella Typhimurium |
| title | Serum cytokine profile of neonatal broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium |
| title_full | Serum cytokine profile of neonatal broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium |
| title_fullStr | Serum cytokine profile of neonatal broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium |
| title_full_unstemmed | Serum cytokine profile of neonatal broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium |
| title_short | Serum cytokine profile of neonatal broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium |
| title_sort | serum cytokine profile of neonatal broiler chickens infected with salmonella typhimurium |
| topic | immune response immunoassay poultry serum cytokine Salmonella Typhimurium |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2024.1359722/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT allisonmilbyblackledge serumcytokineprofileofneonatalbroilerchickensinfectedwithsalmonellatyphimurium AT yuhuafarnell serumcytokineprofileofneonatalbroilerchickensinfectedwithsalmonellatyphimurium AT danzhao serumcytokineprofileofneonatalbroilerchickensinfectedwithsalmonellatyphimurium AT lucberghman serumcytokineprofileofneonatalbroilerchickensinfectedwithsalmonellatyphimurium AT craiglaino serumcytokineprofileofneonatalbroilerchickensinfectedwithsalmonellatyphimurium AT melissamuller serumcytokineprofileofneonatalbroilerchickensinfectedwithsalmonellatyphimurium AT jallenbyrd serumcytokineprofileofneonatalbroilerchickensinfectedwithsalmonellatyphimurium AT morganfarnell serumcytokineprofileofneonatalbroilerchickensinfectedwithsalmonellatyphimurium |