A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches
Mycotoxins, harmful compounds produced by fungal pathogens, pose a severe threat to food safety and consumer health. Some commonly produced mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, and patulin have serious health implications in humans and animals. Mycoto...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024043925 |
| _version_ | 1827261827321430016 |
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| author | Rahim Khan Farooq Anwar Farinazleen Mohamad Ghazali |
| author_facet | Rahim Khan Farooq Anwar Farinazleen Mohamad Ghazali |
| author_sort | Rahim Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mycotoxins, harmful compounds produced by fungal pathogens, pose a severe threat to food safety and consumer health. Some commonly produced mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, and patulin have serious health implications in humans and animals. Mycotoxin contamination is particularly concerning in regions heavily reliant on staple foods like grains, cereals, and nuts. Preventing mycotoxin contamination is crucial for a sustainable food supply. Chromatographic methods like thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (LC/MS), are commonly used to detect mycotoxins; however, there is a need for on-site, rapid, and cost-effective detection methods. Currently, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), lateral flow assays (LFAs), and biosensors are becoming popular analytical tools for rapid detection. Meanwhile, preventing mycotoxin contamination is crucial for food safety and a sustainable food supply. Physical, chemical, and biological approaches have been used to inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxin production. However, new strains resistant to conventional methods have led to the exploration of novel strategies like cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology, polyphenols and flavonoids, magnetic materials and nanoparticles, and natural essential oils (NEOs). This paper reviews recent scientific research on mycotoxin toxicity, explores advancements in detecting mycotoxins in various foods, and evaluates the effectiveness of innovative mitigation strategies for controlling and detoxifying mycotoxins. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:57:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-376faf17d9cf474f85f92428c341a97d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-22T03:04:34Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-376faf17d9cf474f85f92428c341a97d2024-05-01T05:08:08ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-04-01108e28361A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approachesRahim Khan0Farooq Anwar1Farinazleen Mohamad Ghazali2Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia; Corresponding author.Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia; Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan; Corresponding author. Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia.Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, MalaysiaMycotoxins, harmful compounds produced by fungal pathogens, pose a severe threat to food safety and consumer health. Some commonly produced mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, and patulin have serious health implications in humans and animals. Mycotoxin contamination is particularly concerning in regions heavily reliant on staple foods like grains, cereals, and nuts. Preventing mycotoxin contamination is crucial for a sustainable food supply. Chromatographic methods like thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (LC/MS), are commonly used to detect mycotoxins; however, there is a need for on-site, rapid, and cost-effective detection methods. Currently, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), lateral flow assays (LFAs), and biosensors are becoming popular analytical tools for rapid detection. Meanwhile, preventing mycotoxin contamination is crucial for food safety and a sustainable food supply. Physical, chemical, and biological approaches have been used to inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxin production. However, new strains resistant to conventional methods have led to the exploration of novel strategies like cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology, polyphenols and flavonoids, magnetic materials and nanoparticles, and natural essential oils (NEOs). This paper reviews recent scientific research on mycotoxin toxicity, explores advancements in detecting mycotoxins in various foods, and evaluates the effectiveness of innovative mitigation strategies for controlling and detoxifying mycotoxins.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024043925Mycotoxin contaminationHuman healthELISALFABiosensorsCAP |
| spellingShingle | Rahim Khan Farooq Anwar Farinazleen Mohamad Ghazali A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches Heliyon Mycotoxin contamination Human health ELISA LFA Biosensors CAP |
| title | A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches |
| title_full | A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches |
| title_fullStr | A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches |
| title_short | A comprehensive review of mycotoxins: Toxicology, detection, and effective mitigation approaches |
| title_sort | comprehensive review of mycotoxins toxicology detection and effective mitigation approaches |
| topic | Mycotoxin contamination Human health ELISA LFA Biosensors CAP |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024043925 |
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