Increased odds of having the metabolic syndrome with greater fat‐free mass: counterintuitive results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database
Abstract Background It is well established that body composition influences metabolic health, but emerging data are conflicting with the largely purported idea that a large fat‐free mass (FFM) has a protective effect on health. A potential explanation for these discrepancies is the way FFM is repres...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12856 |
| _version_ | 1797826759966588928 |
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| author | Jean‐Christophe Lagacé Alexis Marcotte‐Chenard Jasmine Paquin Dominic Tremblay Martin Brochu Isabelle J. Dionne |
| author_facet | Jean‐Christophe Lagacé Alexis Marcotte‐Chenard Jasmine Paquin Dominic Tremblay Martin Brochu Isabelle J. Dionne |
| author_sort | Jean‐Christophe Lagacé |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background It is well established that body composition influences metabolic health, but emerging data are conflicting with the largely purported idea that a large fat‐free mass (FFM) has a protective effect on health. A potential explanation for these discrepancies is the way FFM is represented. The first objective is to determine the association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and FFM when the latter was represented in three different ways: 1—absolute FFM; 2—relative to squared height (FFMi); and 3—relative to body weight (FFM%). The second objective is to assess the impact of FFM on the relative risk of having the MetS after taking fat mass, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables into account. Methods A total of 5274 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database were studied. Age‐specific and sex‐specific quartiles of the three representations of FFM were defined, and the prevalence of MetS was determined in each of them. Quartiles of FFMi (kg/m2) were used to calculate the odds ratios of having the MetS independently of FM, physical activity levels, and sociodemographic variables. Results The prevalence of MetS decreased with increasing quartiles of whole‐body FFM% (Q1: 40%; Q4: 10%) but grew with increasing quartiles of absolute FFM (Q1: 13%; Q4: 40%) and FFMi (Q1: 10%; Q4: 44%). Similar results were observed for appendicular and truncal FFM. The odds ratios of having the MetS, independently of fat mass, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables, were significantly greater in the fourth quartile of FFMi when compared with the first quartiles of each specific subgroup [Q4 vs. Q1: younger men: 4.16 (1.99–8.68); younger women: 5.74 (2.46–13.39); older men: 1.98 (1.22–3.22); older women: 2.88 (1.69–4.90); all P ≤ 0.01]. Conclusions These results support the notion that the representation of FFM significantly influences its association with MetS and that a larger FFM, whether absolute or relative to height, is associated with alterations in cardiometabolic health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T12:37:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-376fdb79bbbd4403b7b6925a3131cb5e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2190-5991 2190-6009 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T12:37:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle |
| spelling | doaj.art-376fdb79bbbd4403b7b6925a3131cb5e2023-05-15T09:27:15ZengWileyJournal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle2190-59912190-60092022-02-0113137738510.1002/jcsm.12856Increased odds of having the metabolic syndrome with greater fat‐free mass: counterintuitive results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey databaseJean‐Christophe Lagacé0Alexis Marcotte‐Chenard1Jasmine Paquin2Dominic Tremblay3Martin Brochu4Isabelle J. Dionne5Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie—CHUS Sherbrooke QC CanadaResearch Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie—CHUS Sherbrooke QC CanadaResearch Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie—CHUS Sherbrooke QC CanadaResearch Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie—CHUS Sherbrooke QC CanadaResearch Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie—CHUS Sherbrooke QC CanadaResearch Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie—CHUS Sherbrooke QC CanadaAbstract Background It is well established that body composition influences metabolic health, but emerging data are conflicting with the largely purported idea that a large fat‐free mass (FFM) has a protective effect on health. A potential explanation for these discrepancies is the way FFM is represented. The first objective is to determine the association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and FFM when the latter was represented in three different ways: 1—absolute FFM; 2—relative to squared height (FFMi); and 3—relative to body weight (FFM%). The second objective is to assess the impact of FFM on the relative risk of having the MetS after taking fat mass, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables into account. Methods A total of 5274 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database were studied. Age‐specific and sex‐specific quartiles of the three representations of FFM were defined, and the prevalence of MetS was determined in each of them. Quartiles of FFMi (kg/m2) were used to calculate the odds ratios of having the MetS independently of FM, physical activity levels, and sociodemographic variables. Results The prevalence of MetS decreased with increasing quartiles of whole‐body FFM% (Q1: 40%; Q4: 10%) but grew with increasing quartiles of absolute FFM (Q1: 13%; Q4: 40%) and FFMi (Q1: 10%; Q4: 44%). Similar results were observed for appendicular and truncal FFM. The odds ratios of having the MetS, independently of fat mass, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables, were significantly greater in the fourth quartile of FFMi when compared with the first quartiles of each specific subgroup [Q4 vs. Q1: younger men: 4.16 (1.99–8.68); younger women: 5.74 (2.46–13.39); older men: 1.98 (1.22–3.22); older women: 2.88 (1.69–4.90); all P ≤ 0.01]. Conclusions These results support the notion that the representation of FFM significantly influences its association with MetS and that a larger FFM, whether absolute or relative to height, is associated with alterations in cardiometabolic health.https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12856Fat‐free massBody compositionMuscle massMetabolic syndromeCohort study |
| spellingShingle | Jean‐Christophe Lagacé Alexis Marcotte‐Chenard Jasmine Paquin Dominic Tremblay Martin Brochu Isabelle J. Dionne Increased odds of having the metabolic syndrome with greater fat‐free mass: counterintuitive results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle Fat‐free mass Body composition Muscle mass Metabolic syndrome Cohort study |
| title | Increased odds of having the metabolic syndrome with greater fat‐free mass: counterintuitive results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database |
| title_full | Increased odds of having the metabolic syndrome with greater fat‐free mass: counterintuitive results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database |
| title_fullStr | Increased odds of having the metabolic syndrome with greater fat‐free mass: counterintuitive results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database |
| title_full_unstemmed | Increased odds of having the metabolic syndrome with greater fat‐free mass: counterintuitive results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database |
| title_short | Increased odds of having the metabolic syndrome with greater fat‐free mass: counterintuitive results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database |
| title_sort | increased odds of having the metabolic syndrome with greater fat free mass counterintuitive results from the national health and nutrition examination survey database |
| topic | Fat‐free mass Body composition Muscle mass Metabolic syndrome Cohort study |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12856 |
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