Fabrication and rejuvenation of high quantum efficiency caesium telluride photocathodes for high brightness and high average current photoinjectors
With their high quantum efficiency (QE) and excellent photoemissive properties, cesium telluride (Cs-Te) photocathodes are the current workhorse in the high average current electron accelerators around the globe. Their ability to generate high brightness and high charge electron beams has opened the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Physical Society
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Physical Review Accelerators and Beams |
| Online Access: | http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.27.023401 |
| _version_ | 1797320012856295424 |
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| author | M. Martinez-Calderon E. Chevallay R. E. Rossel L. B. Jones G. Zevi Della Porta B. Marsh E. Granados |
| author_facet | M. Martinez-Calderon E. Chevallay R. E. Rossel L. B. Jones G. Zevi Della Porta B. Marsh E. Granados |
| author_sort | M. Martinez-Calderon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With their high quantum efficiency (QE) and excellent photoemissive properties, cesium telluride (Cs-Te) photocathodes are the current workhorse in the high average current electron accelerators around the globe. Their ability to generate high brightness and high charge electron beams has opened the doorway to numerous applications, including fundamental particle physics research, radiation therapy, high-energy physics experiments, and high repetition rate free-electron lasers (FELs). Their long-term performance is critical. In this work, we analyze the systematic production and rejuvenation of photocathodes via thermal evaporation and deposition techniques (both sequential and co-deposition), showing excellent values of QE exceeding 20% using deep ultraviolet illumination (λ=262–266 nm). To extend the photocathode lifetime, the rejuvenation process is performed via multilayer thin-film co-deposition, demonstrating the feasibility of reliably recovering the initial QE even after air exposure. We evaluated their final performance in both high gradient dc and rf gun setups and obtained consistent results of QE and lifetimes. The technique can be used in situ at the gun level, which significantly extends the sustained accelerator operation without major interventions. These approaches significantly enhance the robustness and performance of Cs-Te photoinjectors and represent a significant advancement for reliable high average current electron accelerators and FELs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:25:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3770902331a94eb59e58c97b06b82caf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2469-9888 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:25:58Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | American Physical Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Physical Review Accelerators and Beams |
| spelling | doaj.art-3770902331a94eb59e58c97b06b82caf2024-02-08T15:17:14ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review Accelerators and Beams2469-98882024-02-0127202340110.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.27.023401Fabrication and rejuvenation of high quantum efficiency caesium telluride photocathodes for high brightness and high average current photoinjectorsM. Martinez-CalderonE. ChevallayR. E. RosselL. B. JonesG. Zevi Della PortaB. MarshE. GranadosWith their high quantum efficiency (QE) and excellent photoemissive properties, cesium telluride (Cs-Te) photocathodes are the current workhorse in the high average current electron accelerators around the globe. Their ability to generate high brightness and high charge electron beams has opened the doorway to numerous applications, including fundamental particle physics research, radiation therapy, high-energy physics experiments, and high repetition rate free-electron lasers (FELs). Their long-term performance is critical. In this work, we analyze the systematic production and rejuvenation of photocathodes via thermal evaporation and deposition techniques (both sequential and co-deposition), showing excellent values of QE exceeding 20% using deep ultraviolet illumination (λ=262–266 nm). To extend the photocathode lifetime, the rejuvenation process is performed via multilayer thin-film co-deposition, demonstrating the feasibility of reliably recovering the initial QE even after air exposure. We evaluated their final performance in both high gradient dc and rf gun setups and obtained consistent results of QE and lifetimes. The technique can be used in situ at the gun level, which significantly extends the sustained accelerator operation without major interventions. These approaches significantly enhance the robustness and performance of Cs-Te photoinjectors and represent a significant advancement for reliable high average current electron accelerators and FELs.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.27.023401 |
| spellingShingle | M. Martinez-Calderon E. Chevallay R. E. Rossel L. B. Jones G. Zevi Della Porta B. Marsh E. Granados Fabrication and rejuvenation of high quantum efficiency caesium telluride photocathodes for high brightness and high average current photoinjectors Physical Review Accelerators and Beams |
| title | Fabrication and rejuvenation of high quantum efficiency caesium telluride photocathodes for high brightness and high average current photoinjectors |
| title_full | Fabrication and rejuvenation of high quantum efficiency caesium telluride photocathodes for high brightness and high average current photoinjectors |
| title_fullStr | Fabrication and rejuvenation of high quantum efficiency caesium telluride photocathodes for high brightness and high average current photoinjectors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication and rejuvenation of high quantum efficiency caesium telluride photocathodes for high brightness and high average current photoinjectors |
| title_short | Fabrication and rejuvenation of high quantum efficiency caesium telluride photocathodes for high brightness and high average current photoinjectors |
| title_sort | fabrication and rejuvenation of high quantum efficiency caesium telluride photocathodes for high brightness and high average current photoinjectors |
| url | http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.27.023401 |
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