Poultry and cattle manure effects on sunflower performance, grain yield and selected soil properties in Limpopo Province, South Africa
The application of organic manures as alternatives to reduce the use of mineral fertilisers is considered a good agricultural practice for smallholder farmers. However, the effect of organic manure on soil properties and crop yield depends upon its application rate and its chemical composition. A fi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Academy of Science of South Africa
2019-11-01
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| Series: | South African Journal of Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.sajs.co.za/article/view/6410 |
| _version_ | 1828519993949552640 |
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| author | Matome J. Mokgolo Jestino Mzezewa Jude J.O. Odhiambo |
| author_facet | Matome J. Mokgolo Jestino Mzezewa Jude J.O. Odhiambo |
| author_sort | Matome J. Mokgolo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The application of organic manures as alternatives to reduce the use of mineral fertilisers is considered a good agricultural practice for smallholder farmers. However, the effect of organic manure on soil properties and crop yield depends upon its application rate and its chemical composition. A field experiment was carried out during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons at the University of Venda experimental farm (Limpopo Province, South Africa) to determine the effect of three organic manures (cattle, poultry and their 1:1 combination, 20 t/ha) on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) performance, grain yield and selected soil properties under rainfed conditions. Poultry manure produced the highest final infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration followed by cattle manure, their combination and the control in that order. Total nitrogen, calcium, and zinc were significantly different between treatments in the first season while potassium, sodium, and zinc were significantly different in the second season. Manure combination and poultry manure produced the highest organic carbon and available phosphorus, respectively, in both seasons compared to other treatments. Organic manure application had a significant (p<0.05) effect on dry matter, plant height and stem girth at all growth stages in the second cropping season but only in the flower bud stage for both parameters in the first season. Manure application in the second season resulted in an increase in the grain yield compared to the first season, except after application of poultry manure whereafter the grain yield decreased significantly by 168% from the first cropping season. The application of organic manure had a significant effect on sunflower grain yield, dry matter, head dry matter, plant height and stem girth throughout all growing stages in the second cropping season with poultry manure producing the best values.
Significance:
• Application of the three organic manures served as a good source of organic amendments for improvement of plant nutrients and selected soil properties.
• Based on the results of this study, poultry manure can be recommended as the first choice among the manure used for local smallholder farmers, especially under evenly distributed rainfall. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:21:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3772db83099548e6ba9186282520faa6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-7489 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:21:52Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | Academy of Science of South Africa |
| record_format | Article |
| series | South African Journal of Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-3772db83099548e6ba9186282520faa62022-12-22T00:53:29ZengAcademy of Science of South AfricaSouth African Journal of Science1996-74892019-11-0111511/1210.17159/sajs.2019/64106410Poultry and cattle manure effects on sunflower performance, grain yield and selected soil properties in Limpopo Province, South AfricaMatome J. Mokgolo0Jestino Mzezewa1Jude J.O. Odhiambo21. Department of Soil Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; 2. Tompi Seleka Agricultural College, Marble Hall, South AfricaDepartment of Soil Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South AfricaTompi Seleka Agricultural College, Marble Hall, South AfricaThe application of organic manures as alternatives to reduce the use of mineral fertilisers is considered a good agricultural practice for smallholder farmers. However, the effect of organic manure on soil properties and crop yield depends upon its application rate and its chemical composition. A field experiment was carried out during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons at the University of Venda experimental farm (Limpopo Province, South Africa) to determine the effect of three organic manures (cattle, poultry and their 1:1 combination, 20 t/ha) on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) performance, grain yield and selected soil properties under rainfed conditions. Poultry manure produced the highest final infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration followed by cattle manure, their combination and the control in that order. Total nitrogen, calcium, and zinc were significantly different between treatments in the first season while potassium, sodium, and zinc were significantly different in the second season. Manure combination and poultry manure produced the highest organic carbon and available phosphorus, respectively, in both seasons compared to other treatments. Organic manure application had a significant (p<0.05) effect on dry matter, plant height and stem girth at all growth stages in the second cropping season but only in the flower bud stage for both parameters in the first season. Manure application in the second season resulted in an increase in the grain yield compared to the first season, except after application of poultry manure whereafter the grain yield decreased significantly by 168% from the first cropping season. The application of organic manure had a significant effect on sunflower grain yield, dry matter, head dry matter, plant height and stem girth throughout all growing stages in the second cropping season with poultry manure producing the best values. Significance: • Application of the three organic manures served as a good source of organic amendments for improvement of plant nutrients and selected soil properties. • Based on the results of this study, poultry manure can be recommended as the first choice among the manure used for local smallholder farmers, especially under evenly distributed rainfall.https://www.sajs.co.za/article/view/6410organic manuresmallholder farmersdry environment |
| spellingShingle | Matome J. Mokgolo Jestino Mzezewa Jude J.O. Odhiambo Poultry and cattle manure effects on sunflower performance, grain yield and selected soil properties in Limpopo Province, South Africa South African Journal of Science organic manure smallholder farmers dry environment |
| title | Poultry and cattle manure effects on sunflower performance, grain yield and selected soil properties in Limpopo Province, South Africa |
| title_full | Poultry and cattle manure effects on sunflower performance, grain yield and selected soil properties in Limpopo Province, South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Poultry and cattle manure effects on sunflower performance, grain yield and selected soil properties in Limpopo Province, South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Poultry and cattle manure effects on sunflower performance, grain yield and selected soil properties in Limpopo Province, South Africa |
| title_short | Poultry and cattle manure effects on sunflower performance, grain yield and selected soil properties in Limpopo Province, South Africa |
| title_sort | poultry and cattle manure effects on sunflower performance grain yield and selected soil properties in limpopo province south africa |
| topic | organic manure smallholder farmers dry environment |
| url | https://www.sajs.co.za/article/view/6410 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT matomejmokgolo poultryandcattlemanureeffectsonsunflowerperformancegrainyieldandselectedsoilpropertiesinlimpopoprovincesouthafrica AT jestinomzezewa poultryandcattlemanureeffectsonsunflowerperformancegrainyieldandselectedsoilpropertiesinlimpopoprovincesouthafrica AT judejoodhiambo poultryandcattlemanureeffectsonsunflowerperformancegrainyieldandselectedsoilpropertiesinlimpopoprovincesouthafrica |