High Genomic Variability in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Obtained from Naturally Infected Horses in Pantanal, Brazil: An Endemic Region Case
Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a persistent lentivirus that causes equine infectious anemia (EIA). In Brazil, EIAV is endemic in the Pantanal region, and euthanasia is not mandatory in this area. All of the complete genomic sequences from field viruses are from North America, Asia, and Eur...
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/2/207 |
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| author | Camila Dantas Malossi Eduardo Gorzoni Fioratti Jedson Ferreira Cardoso Angelo Jose Magro Erna Geessien Kroon Daniel Moura de Aguiar Alice Mamede Costa Marque Borges Marcia Furlan Nogueira Leila Sabrina Ullmann João Pessoa Araujo |
| author_facet | Camila Dantas Malossi Eduardo Gorzoni Fioratti Jedson Ferreira Cardoso Angelo Jose Magro Erna Geessien Kroon Daniel Moura de Aguiar Alice Mamede Costa Marque Borges Marcia Furlan Nogueira Leila Sabrina Ullmann João Pessoa Araujo |
| author_sort | Camila Dantas Malossi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a persistent lentivirus that causes equine infectious anemia (EIA). In Brazil, EIAV is endemic in the Pantanal region, and euthanasia is not mandatory in this area. All of the complete genomic sequences from field viruses are from North America, Asia, and Europe, and only proviral genomic sequences are available. Sequences from Brazilian EIAV are currently available only for <i>gag</i> and LTR regions. Thus, the present study aimed for the first time to sequence the entire EIAV genomic RNA in naturally infected horses from an endemic area in Brazil. RNA in plasma from naturally infected horses was used for next-generation sequencing (NGS), and gaps were filled using Sanger sequencing methodology. Complete viral genomes of EIAV from two horses were obtained and annotated (Access Number: MN560970 and MN560971). Putative genes were analyzed and compared with previously described genes, showing conservation in <i>gag</i> and <i>pol</i> genes and high variations in LTR and <i>env</i> sequences. Amino acid changes were identified in the p26 protein, one of the most common targets used for diagnosis, and p26 molecular modelling showed surface amino acid alterations in some epitopes. Brazilian genome sequences presented 88.6% nucleotide identity with one another and 75.8 to 77.3% with main field strains, such as EIAV Liaoning, Wyoming, Ireland, and Italy isolates. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis suggested that this Brazilian strain comprises a separate monophyletic group. These results may help to better characterize EIAV and to overcome the challenges of diagnosing and controlling EIA in endemic regions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:53:08Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:53:08Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-3780bd2f0a434983ac11ffb07619d1bb2022-12-22T02:36:37ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-02-0112220710.3390/v12020207v12020207High Genomic Variability in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Obtained from Naturally Infected Horses in Pantanal, Brazil: An Endemic Region CaseCamila Dantas Malossi0Eduardo Gorzoni Fioratti1Jedson Ferreira Cardoso2Angelo Jose Magro3Erna Geessien Kroon4Daniel Moura de Aguiar5Alice Mamede Costa Marque Borges6Marcia Furlan Nogueira7Leila Sabrina Ullmann8João Pessoa Araujo9Institute for Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18607-440, BrazilAgrarian Sciences Institute (ICA), Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Federal University (UFVJM), Unaí 39803-371, BrazilCenter for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, BrazilInstitute for Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18607-440, BrazilVirology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, BrazilVirology and Rickettsiosis Laboratory, Mato Grosso Federal University, Cuiabá 78060-900, BrazilVirology and Rickettsiosis Laboratory, Mato Grosso Federal University, Cuiabá 78060-900, BrazilEMBRAPA Pantanal, Corumbá 79320-900, BrazilInstitute for Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18607-440, BrazilInstitute for Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18607-440, BrazilEquine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a persistent lentivirus that causes equine infectious anemia (EIA). In Brazil, EIAV is endemic in the Pantanal region, and euthanasia is not mandatory in this area. All of the complete genomic sequences from field viruses are from North America, Asia, and Europe, and only proviral genomic sequences are available. Sequences from Brazilian EIAV are currently available only for <i>gag</i> and LTR regions. Thus, the present study aimed for the first time to sequence the entire EIAV genomic RNA in naturally infected horses from an endemic area in Brazil. RNA in plasma from naturally infected horses was used for next-generation sequencing (NGS), and gaps were filled using Sanger sequencing methodology. Complete viral genomes of EIAV from two horses were obtained and annotated (Access Number: MN560970 and MN560971). Putative genes were analyzed and compared with previously described genes, showing conservation in <i>gag</i> and <i>pol</i> genes and high variations in LTR and <i>env</i> sequences. Amino acid changes were identified in the p26 protein, one of the most common targets used for diagnosis, and p26 molecular modelling showed surface amino acid alterations in some epitopes. Brazilian genome sequences presented 88.6% nucleotide identity with one another and 75.8 to 77.3% with main field strains, such as EIAV Liaoning, Wyoming, Ireland, and Italy isolates. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis suggested that this Brazilian strain comprises a separate monophyletic group. These results may help to better characterize EIAV and to overcome the challenges of diagnosing and controlling EIA in endemic regions.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/2/207equine infectious anemia virusmolecular characterizationendemic regionrna genomeequine |
| spellingShingle | Camila Dantas Malossi Eduardo Gorzoni Fioratti Jedson Ferreira Cardoso Angelo Jose Magro Erna Geessien Kroon Daniel Moura de Aguiar Alice Mamede Costa Marque Borges Marcia Furlan Nogueira Leila Sabrina Ullmann João Pessoa Araujo High Genomic Variability in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Obtained from Naturally Infected Horses in Pantanal, Brazil: An Endemic Region Case Viruses equine infectious anemia virus molecular characterization endemic region rna genome equine |
| title | High Genomic Variability in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Obtained from Naturally Infected Horses in Pantanal, Brazil: An Endemic Region Case |
| title_full | High Genomic Variability in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Obtained from Naturally Infected Horses in Pantanal, Brazil: An Endemic Region Case |
| title_fullStr | High Genomic Variability in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Obtained from Naturally Infected Horses in Pantanal, Brazil: An Endemic Region Case |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Genomic Variability in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Obtained from Naturally Infected Horses in Pantanal, Brazil: An Endemic Region Case |
| title_short | High Genomic Variability in Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Obtained from Naturally Infected Horses in Pantanal, Brazil: An Endemic Region Case |
| title_sort | high genomic variability in equine infectious anemia virus obtained from naturally infected horses in pantanal brazil an endemic region case |
| topic | equine infectious anemia virus molecular characterization endemic region rna genome equine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/2/207 |
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