A novel maximum entropy approach to hybrid monetary-physical supply-chain modelling and its application to biodiversity impacts of palm oil embodied in consumption
The environmental and social consequences of clearing tropical forests for palm oil and soybean monoculture have been analyzed in a number of studies and are widely recognized. Some initiatives and studies have examined portions of the supply chain from the perspective of individual companies and st...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Environmental Research Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae491 |
| _version_ | 1797748116524367872 |
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| author | Johannes Többen Kirsten S Wiebe Francesca Verones Richard Wood Daniel D Moran |
| author_facet | Johannes Többen Kirsten S Wiebe Francesca Verones Richard Wood Daniel D Moran |
| author_sort | Johannes Többen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The environmental and social consequences of clearing tropical forests for palm oil and soybean monoculture have been analyzed in a number of studies and are widely recognized. Some initiatives and studies have examined portions of the supply chain from the perspective of individual companies and stages in the supply chain. We complement this work by providing a consistent, detailed, global trade-linked analysis of the four major vegetable oils, connecting land use for production and its biodiversity impact, through global supply chains, to final consumers. To this end, we develop a global model by fully integrating FAO’s physical supply-utilization accounts into the environmentally extended multiregional input–output model EXIOBASE. Global supply chains are linked with the life-cycle impact assessment model LC-Impact to assess biodiversity impact of land use via global maps of oil crop cultivation. For the period 2000–2010, we find significant substitution of domestically produced oils with relatively low biodiversity impacts with Indonesian palm oil and Brazilian soybean oil for the major consuming countries, China, Europe and the US. Whereas soybean oil remains the vegetable oil with the largest impact on biodiversity at a global scale, biodiversity footprints of palm oil have grown substantially larger in the period 2000–2010, driven by demand from Europe and China. Our results suggest that demand-side policies focused on specific oils, such as palm oil, might lead to switching oils and unintended shifts of environmental impacts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T16:00:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3783ac0e5eae4d2f9cd87bde27dd8ca6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1748-9326 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T16:00:24Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Research Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-3783ac0e5eae4d2f9cd87bde27dd8ca62023-08-09T14:38:19ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research Letters1748-93262018-01-01131111500210.1088/1748-9326/aae491A novel maximum entropy approach to hybrid monetary-physical supply-chain modelling and its application to biodiversity impacts of palm oil embodied in consumptionJohannes Többen0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7059-3612Kirsten S Wiebe1Francesca Verones2Richard Wood3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7906-3324Daniel D Moran4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2310-2275Industrial Ecology Programme (IndEcol), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim, NorwayIndustrial Ecology Programme (IndEcol), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim, NorwayIndustrial Ecology Programme (IndEcol), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim, NorwayIndustrial Ecology Programme (IndEcol), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim, NorwayIndustrial Ecology Programme (IndEcol), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim, NorwayThe environmental and social consequences of clearing tropical forests for palm oil and soybean monoculture have been analyzed in a number of studies and are widely recognized. Some initiatives and studies have examined portions of the supply chain from the perspective of individual companies and stages in the supply chain. We complement this work by providing a consistent, detailed, global trade-linked analysis of the four major vegetable oils, connecting land use for production and its biodiversity impact, through global supply chains, to final consumers. To this end, we develop a global model by fully integrating FAO’s physical supply-utilization accounts into the environmentally extended multiregional input–output model EXIOBASE. Global supply chains are linked with the life-cycle impact assessment model LC-Impact to assess biodiversity impact of land use via global maps of oil crop cultivation. For the period 2000–2010, we find significant substitution of domestically produced oils with relatively low biodiversity impacts with Indonesian palm oil and Brazilian soybean oil for the major consuming countries, China, Europe and the US. Whereas soybean oil remains the vegetable oil with the largest impact on biodiversity at a global scale, biodiversity footprints of palm oil have grown substantially larger in the period 2000–2010, driven by demand from Europe and China. Our results suggest that demand-side policies focused on specific oils, such as palm oil, might lead to switching oils and unintended shifts of environmental impacts.https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae491ecological footprintsbiodiversityiLUCpalm oilsoyagriculture |
| spellingShingle | Johannes Többen Kirsten S Wiebe Francesca Verones Richard Wood Daniel D Moran A novel maximum entropy approach to hybrid monetary-physical supply-chain modelling and its application to biodiversity impacts of palm oil embodied in consumption Environmental Research Letters ecological footprints biodiversity iLUC palm oil soy agriculture |
| title | A novel maximum entropy approach to hybrid monetary-physical supply-chain modelling and its application to biodiversity impacts of palm oil embodied in consumption |
| title_full | A novel maximum entropy approach to hybrid monetary-physical supply-chain modelling and its application to biodiversity impacts of palm oil embodied in consumption |
| title_fullStr | A novel maximum entropy approach to hybrid monetary-physical supply-chain modelling and its application to biodiversity impacts of palm oil embodied in consumption |
| title_full_unstemmed | A novel maximum entropy approach to hybrid monetary-physical supply-chain modelling and its application to biodiversity impacts of palm oil embodied in consumption |
| title_short | A novel maximum entropy approach to hybrid monetary-physical supply-chain modelling and its application to biodiversity impacts of palm oil embodied in consumption |
| title_sort | novel maximum entropy approach to hybrid monetary physical supply chain modelling and its application to biodiversity impacts of palm oil embodied in consumption |
| topic | ecological footprints biodiversity iLUC palm oil soy agriculture |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae491 |
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