Impact of Zinc on Oxidative Signaling Pathways in the Development of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia
Hypobaric hypoxia is a condition that occurs at high altitudes (>2500 m) where the partial pressure of gases, particularly oxygen (PO<sub>2</sub>), decreases. This condition triggers several physiological and molecular responses. One of the principal responses is pulmonary vascular co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/13/6974 |
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| author | Karem Arriaza Constanza Cuevas Eduardo Pena Patricia Siques Julio Brito |
| author_facet | Karem Arriaza Constanza Cuevas Eduardo Pena Patricia Siques Julio Brito |
| author_sort | Karem Arriaza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hypobaric hypoxia is a condition that occurs at high altitudes (>2500 m) where the partial pressure of gases, particularly oxygen (PO<sub>2</sub>), decreases. This condition triggers several physiological and molecular responses. One of the principal responses is pulmonary vascular contraction, which seeks to optimize gas exchange under this condition, known as hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV); however, when this physiological response is exacerbated, it contributes to the development of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). Increased levels of zinc (Zn<sup>2+</sup>) and oxidative stress (known as the “ROS hypothesis”) have been demonstrated in the vasoconstriction process. Therefore, the aim of this review is to determine the relationship between molecular pathways associated with altered Zn<sup>2+</sup> levels and oxidative stress in HPV in hypobaric hypoxic conditions. The results indicate an increased level of Zn<sup>2+</sup>, which is related to increasing mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), alterations in nitric oxide (NO), metallothionein (MT), zinc-regulated, iron-regulated transporter-like protein (ZIP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-induced protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) activation in the development of HPV. In conclusion, there is an association between elevated Zn<sup>2+</sup> levels and oxidative stress in HPV under different models of hypoxia, which contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism involved in HPV to prevent the development of HAPH. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:51:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-378fd75a889c4ae6b9407fa16e7226f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:51:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-378fd75a889c4ae6b9407fa16e7226f32023-11-23T20:05:50ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-06-012313697410.3390/ijms23136974Impact of Zinc on Oxidative Signaling Pathways in the Development of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction Induced by Hypobaric HypoxiaKarem Arriaza0Constanza Cuevas1Eduardo Pena2Patricia Siques3Julio Brito4Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1100000, ChileInstitute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1100000, ChileInstitute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1100000, ChileInstitute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1100000, ChileInstitute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1100000, ChileHypobaric hypoxia is a condition that occurs at high altitudes (>2500 m) where the partial pressure of gases, particularly oxygen (PO<sub>2</sub>), decreases. This condition triggers several physiological and molecular responses. One of the principal responses is pulmonary vascular contraction, which seeks to optimize gas exchange under this condition, known as hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV); however, when this physiological response is exacerbated, it contributes to the development of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). Increased levels of zinc (Zn<sup>2+</sup>) and oxidative stress (known as the “ROS hypothesis”) have been demonstrated in the vasoconstriction process. Therefore, the aim of this review is to determine the relationship between molecular pathways associated with altered Zn<sup>2+</sup> levels and oxidative stress in HPV in hypobaric hypoxic conditions. The results indicate an increased level of Zn<sup>2+</sup>, which is related to increasing mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), alterations in nitric oxide (NO), metallothionein (MT), zinc-regulated, iron-regulated transporter-like protein (ZIP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-induced protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) activation in the development of HPV. In conclusion, there is an association between elevated Zn<sup>2+</sup> levels and oxidative stress in HPV under different models of hypoxia, which contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism involved in HPV to prevent the development of HAPH.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/13/6974zincoxidative stresshypobaric hypoxiapulmonary vasoconstrictionprotein kinase C |
| spellingShingle | Karem Arriaza Constanza Cuevas Eduardo Pena Patricia Siques Julio Brito Impact of Zinc on Oxidative Signaling Pathways in the Development of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia International Journal of Molecular Sciences zinc oxidative stress hypobaric hypoxia pulmonary vasoconstriction protein kinase C |
| title | Impact of Zinc on Oxidative Signaling Pathways in the Development of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia |
| title_full | Impact of Zinc on Oxidative Signaling Pathways in the Development of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Zinc on Oxidative Signaling Pathways in the Development of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Zinc on Oxidative Signaling Pathways in the Development of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia |
| title_short | Impact of Zinc on Oxidative Signaling Pathways in the Development of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia |
| title_sort | impact of zinc on oxidative signaling pathways in the development of pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by hypobaric hypoxia |
| topic | zinc oxidative stress hypobaric hypoxia pulmonary vasoconstriction protein kinase C |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/13/6974 |
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