Nutrition, Microbiota and Role of Gut-Brain Axis in Subjects with Phenylketonuria (PKU): A Review
The composition and functioning of the gut microbiota, the complex population of microorganisms residing in the intestine, is strongly affected by endogenous and exogenous factors, among which diet is key. Important perturbations of the microbiota have been observed to contribute to disease risk, as...
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3319 |
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| author | Elvira Verduci Maria Teresa Carbone Elisa Borghi Emerenziana Ottaviano Alberto Burlina Giacomo Biasucci |
| author_facet | Elvira Verduci Maria Teresa Carbone Elisa Borghi Emerenziana Ottaviano Alberto Burlina Giacomo Biasucci |
| author_sort | Elvira Verduci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The composition and functioning of the gut microbiota, the complex population of microorganisms residing in the intestine, is strongly affected by endogenous and exogenous factors, among which diet is key. Important perturbations of the microbiota have been observed to contribute to disease risk, as in the case of neurological disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, among others. Although mechanisms are not fully clarified, nutrients interacting with the microbiota are thought to affect host metabolism, immune response or disrupt the protective functions of the intestinal barrier. Similarly, key intermediaries, whose presence may be strongly influenced by dietary habits, sustain the communication along the gut-brain-axis, influencing brain functions in the same way as the brain influences gut activity. Due to the role of diet in the modulation of the microbiota, its composition is of high interest in inherited errors of metabolism (IEMs) and may reveal an appealing therapeutic target. In IEMs, for example in phenylketonuria (PKU), since part of the therapeutic intervention is based on chronic or life-long tailored dietetic regimens, important variations of the microbial diversity or relative abundance have been observed. A holistic approach, including a healthy composition of the microbiota, is recommended to modulate host metabolism and affected neurological functions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:14:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3790c72ee78f4b6b9e0d1c017e8ac796 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:14:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-3790c72ee78f4b6b9e0d1c017e8ac7962023-11-20T18:59:41ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-10-011211331910.3390/nu12113319Nutrition, Microbiota and Role of Gut-Brain Axis in Subjects with Phenylketonuria (PKU): A ReviewElvira Verduci0Maria Teresa Carbone1Elisa Borghi2Emerenziana Ottaviano3Alberto Burlina4Giacomo Biasucci5Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital-University of Milan, Via Lodovico Castelvetro, 32, 20154 Milan, ItalyUOS Metabolic and Rare Diseases, AORN Santobono, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80122 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Health Science, University of Milan, via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Health Science, University of Milan, via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, ItalyDivision of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of Padua, Via Orus 2B, 35129 Padua, ItalyDepartment of Paediatrics & Neonatology, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Via Taverna Giuseppe, 49, 29121 Piacenza, ItalyThe composition and functioning of the gut microbiota, the complex population of microorganisms residing in the intestine, is strongly affected by endogenous and exogenous factors, among which diet is key. Important perturbations of the microbiota have been observed to contribute to disease risk, as in the case of neurological disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, among others. Although mechanisms are not fully clarified, nutrients interacting with the microbiota are thought to affect host metabolism, immune response or disrupt the protective functions of the intestinal barrier. Similarly, key intermediaries, whose presence may be strongly influenced by dietary habits, sustain the communication along the gut-brain-axis, influencing brain functions in the same way as the brain influences gut activity. Due to the role of diet in the modulation of the microbiota, its composition is of high interest in inherited errors of metabolism (IEMs) and may reveal an appealing therapeutic target. In IEMs, for example in phenylketonuria (PKU), since part of the therapeutic intervention is based on chronic or life-long tailored dietetic regimens, important variations of the microbial diversity or relative abundance have been observed. A holistic approach, including a healthy composition of the microbiota, is recommended to modulate host metabolism and affected neurological functions.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3319dietnutrientsmicrobialinherited errors of metabolismimmune responseneurological function |
| spellingShingle | Elvira Verduci Maria Teresa Carbone Elisa Borghi Emerenziana Ottaviano Alberto Burlina Giacomo Biasucci Nutrition, Microbiota and Role of Gut-Brain Axis in Subjects with Phenylketonuria (PKU): A Review Nutrients diet nutrients microbial inherited errors of metabolism immune response neurological function |
| title | Nutrition, Microbiota and Role of Gut-Brain Axis in Subjects with Phenylketonuria (PKU): A Review |
| title_full | Nutrition, Microbiota and Role of Gut-Brain Axis in Subjects with Phenylketonuria (PKU): A Review |
| title_fullStr | Nutrition, Microbiota and Role of Gut-Brain Axis in Subjects with Phenylketonuria (PKU): A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nutrition, Microbiota and Role of Gut-Brain Axis in Subjects with Phenylketonuria (PKU): A Review |
| title_short | Nutrition, Microbiota and Role of Gut-Brain Axis in Subjects with Phenylketonuria (PKU): A Review |
| title_sort | nutrition microbiota and role of gut brain axis in subjects with phenylketonuria pku a review |
| topic | diet nutrients microbial inherited errors of metabolism immune response neurological function |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3319 |
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