Ionosphere over Eastern North Atlantic Midlatitudinal Zone during Geomagnetic Storms
The ionospheric response at middle latitudes to geomagnetic storms is not yet very well understood. Total electron content (TEC) variations associated with eight strong geomagnetic storms between 2015 and 2022 obtained from GNSS receivers in the eastern area of the North Atlantic (Portuguese contine...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/6/949 |
| _version_ | 1797596155429781504 |
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| author | Teresa Barata Joana Pereira Manuel Hernández-Pajares Tatiana Barlyaeva Anna Morozova |
| author_facet | Teresa Barata Joana Pereira Manuel Hernández-Pajares Tatiana Barlyaeva Anna Morozova |
| author_sort | Teresa Barata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ionospheric response at middle latitudes to geomagnetic storms is not yet very well understood. Total electron content (TEC) variations associated with eight strong geomagnetic storms between 2015 and 2022 obtained from GNSS receivers in the eastern area of the North Atlantic (Portuguese continental and insular territory) are studied in an attempt to fill this gap. It was found that for most of the studied geomagnetic storms, TEC variations are synchronous for the longitudinal ranges from 27° W and 9° W. In the southern part of the studied region (around 32° N), the amplitude of TEC variations is, in general, significantly higher than in the northern part (around 39° N). Some of the studied geomagnetic storms were associated with TEC variations that we interpret as effects of post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles that travelled well north from their habitual region. Additionally, though most of the studied storms were accompanied by reports on different kinds of malfunction of GNSS systems (GPS; GALILEO and other), there is no clear pattern in their appearance in dependence on the geomagnetic/ionospheric storms’ strength, commencement time, and its characteristics, in general. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:47:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3790e6eb6236496994143af330189909 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:47:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-3790e6eb6236496994143af3301899092023-11-18T09:14:09ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-05-0114694910.3390/atmos14060949Ionosphere over Eastern North Atlantic Midlatitudinal Zone during Geomagnetic StormsTeresa Barata0Joana Pereira1Manuel Hernández-Pajares2Tatiana Barlyaeva3Anna Morozova4Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, PortugalTechnical University of Catalonia, Research Group of Ionosphere Sounding Based on Satellite Measurements and Tomography (UPC-IonSAT), Campus Nord, 08034 Barcelona, SpainInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, PortugalThe ionospheric response at middle latitudes to geomagnetic storms is not yet very well understood. Total electron content (TEC) variations associated with eight strong geomagnetic storms between 2015 and 2022 obtained from GNSS receivers in the eastern area of the North Atlantic (Portuguese continental and insular territory) are studied in an attempt to fill this gap. It was found that for most of the studied geomagnetic storms, TEC variations are synchronous for the longitudinal ranges from 27° W and 9° W. In the southern part of the studied region (around 32° N), the amplitude of TEC variations is, in general, significantly higher than in the northern part (around 39° N). Some of the studied geomagnetic storms were associated with TEC variations that we interpret as effects of post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles that travelled well north from their habitual region. Additionally, though most of the studied storms were accompanied by reports on different kinds of malfunction of GNSS systems (GPS; GALILEO and other), there is no clear pattern in their appearance in dependence on the geomagnetic/ionospheric storms’ strength, commencement time, and its characteristics, in general.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/6/949TECgeomagnetic stormsmiddle latitudesGNSS |
| spellingShingle | Teresa Barata Joana Pereira Manuel Hernández-Pajares Tatiana Barlyaeva Anna Morozova Ionosphere over Eastern North Atlantic Midlatitudinal Zone during Geomagnetic Storms Atmosphere TEC geomagnetic storms middle latitudes GNSS |
| title | Ionosphere over Eastern North Atlantic Midlatitudinal Zone during Geomagnetic Storms |
| title_full | Ionosphere over Eastern North Atlantic Midlatitudinal Zone during Geomagnetic Storms |
| title_fullStr | Ionosphere over Eastern North Atlantic Midlatitudinal Zone during Geomagnetic Storms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ionosphere over Eastern North Atlantic Midlatitudinal Zone during Geomagnetic Storms |
| title_short | Ionosphere over Eastern North Atlantic Midlatitudinal Zone during Geomagnetic Storms |
| title_sort | ionosphere over eastern north atlantic midlatitudinal zone during geomagnetic storms |
| topic | TEC geomagnetic storms middle latitudes GNSS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/6/949 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT teresabarata ionosphereovereasternnorthatlanticmidlatitudinalzoneduringgeomagneticstorms AT joanapereira ionosphereovereasternnorthatlanticmidlatitudinalzoneduringgeomagneticstorms AT manuelhernandezpajares ionosphereovereasternnorthatlanticmidlatitudinalzoneduringgeomagneticstorms AT tatianabarlyaeva ionosphereovereasternnorthatlanticmidlatitudinalzoneduringgeomagneticstorms AT annamorozova ionosphereovereasternnorthatlanticmidlatitudinalzoneduringgeomagneticstorms |