Detection of multidrug resistance and associated genes among <em>Salmonella</em> species from enteric fever cases
<p><strong>Background</strong><em>:</em><strong> </strong><em>Salmonella </em>spp. has rapidly gained resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, and tetracycline (ACCoT) which necessitated the use of fluoroquinolones and cephalosp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Sri Lankan Society for Microbiology
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Sri Lankan Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://sljid.sljol.info/articles/8436 |
| _version_ | 1798022976382173184 |
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| author | S. Elumalai G. Muthu E. M. Selvam S. Thiagarajan S. Seetharaman |
| author_facet | S. Elumalai G. Muthu E. M. Selvam S. Thiagarajan S. Seetharaman |
| author_sort | S. Elumalai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p><strong>Background</strong><em>:</em><strong> </strong><em>Salmonella </em>spp. has rapidly gained resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, and tetracycline (ACCoT) which necessitated the use of fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. However, there are reports on emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant <em>Salmonella </em>isolates in various parts of Asia and low resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. The incidence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) <em>Salmonella enterica </em>serovar Typhi (<em>S</em>. Typhi) in India increased in the 1990s. After a decade, studies showed reduced MDR percentage. Hence this study was performed to detect antibiotic resistance patterns and associated genes among clinical isolates of <em>Salmonella</em>.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Methods</strong><em>: </em>A total of 171 clinical isolates of <em>Salmonella </em>isolates collected between 2011 to 2016 from a tertiary care hospital in Chennai, India were included. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and screening for extended-spectrum β-lactamase production was performed. Genes encoding resistance to β-lactam antibiotics (<em>bla</em><sub>TEM</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>SHV</sub>, and <em>bla</em><sub>CTX-M</sub>), chloramphenicol (<em>cat</em>, <em>cmlA</em>, and <em>floR</em>), co-trimoxazole (<em>sul1</em>, <em>sul2</em>, <em>sul3</em>, and <em>dfr</em>), and tetracycline (<em>tet</em>(A), <em>tet</em>(B), <em>tet</em>(C), <em>tet</em>(D), <em>tet</em>(E), and <em>tet</em>(G)) were detected using PCR and nucleotide sequencing analysis.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Results</strong><em>: </em>The majority of the isolates were susceptible to ACCoT antibiotics, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. Most of the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and 1.7% were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. All the isolates (n=171) were negative for ESBL. Multidrug resistance was seen in 4.1% isolates and all the MDR <em>Salmonella </em>isolates were found to contain <em>bla</em><sub>TEM-1</sub>(TEM-1-type β-lactamase), <em>cat</em>,<em> dfrA17</em>, <em>sul1</em>, and <em>tet</em>(B) genes.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We have observed a low MDR prevalence and reduced susceptibility to the fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin. This changing susceptibility pattern of <em>Salmonella</em> species over time warrants continuous monitoring and judicious use of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistant strains.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:38:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37924a26c7944fea87e102f0da169e0d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2012-8169 2448-9654 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:38:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Sri Lankan Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sri Lankan Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-37924a26c7944fea87e102f0da169e0d2022-12-22T04:11:32ZengSri Lankan Society for MicrobiologySri Lankan Journal of Infectious Diseases2012-81692448-96542022-06-011221910.4038/sljid.v12i2.84365958Detection of multidrug resistance and associated genes among <em>Salmonella</em> species from enteric fever casesS. Elumalai0G. Muthu1E. M. Selvam2S. Thiagarajan3S. Seetharaman4Dr. ALM PG IBMS, University of Madras, ChennaiMinistry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India,Tirunelveli – 627010, Tamil NaduESIC Medical College and PIMSR, ChennaiUniversity of Madras, ChennaiUniversity of Madras, Chennai<p><strong>Background</strong><em>:</em><strong> </strong><em>Salmonella </em>spp. has rapidly gained resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, and tetracycline (ACCoT) which necessitated the use of fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. However, there are reports on emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant <em>Salmonella </em>isolates in various parts of Asia and low resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. The incidence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) <em>Salmonella enterica </em>serovar Typhi (<em>S</em>. Typhi) in India increased in the 1990s. After a decade, studies showed reduced MDR percentage. Hence this study was performed to detect antibiotic resistance patterns and associated genes among clinical isolates of <em>Salmonella</em>.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Methods</strong><em>: </em>A total of 171 clinical isolates of <em>Salmonella </em>isolates collected between 2011 to 2016 from a tertiary care hospital in Chennai, India were included. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and screening for extended-spectrum β-lactamase production was performed. Genes encoding resistance to β-lactam antibiotics (<em>bla</em><sub>TEM</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>SHV</sub>, and <em>bla</em><sub>CTX-M</sub>), chloramphenicol (<em>cat</em>, <em>cmlA</em>, and <em>floR</em>), co-trimoxazole (<em>sul1</em>, <em>sul2</em>, <em>sul3</em>, and <em>dfr</em>), and tetracycline (<em>tet</em>(A), <em>tet</em>(B), <em>tet</em>(C), <em>tet</em>(D), <em>tet</em>(E), and <em>tet</em>(G)) were detected using PCR and nucleotide sequencing analysis.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Results</strong><em>: </em>The majority of the isolates were susceptible to ACCoT antibiotics, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. Most of the isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and 1.7% were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. All the isolates (n=171) were negative for ESBL. Multidrug resistance was seen in 4.1% isolates and all the MDR <em>Salmonella </em>isolates were found to contain <em>bla</em><sub>TEM-1</sub>(TEM-1-type β-lactamase), <em>cat</em>,<em> dfrA17</em>, <em>sul1</em>, and <em>tet</em>(B) genes.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We have observed a low MDR prevalence and reduced susceptibility to the fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin. This changing susceptibility pattern of <em>Salmonella</em> species over time warrants continuous monitoring and judicious use of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistant strains.</p>https://sljid.sljol.info/articles/8436beta-lactamases, enteric fever, fluoroquinolones, multidrug resistance, salmonella species |
| spellingShingle | S. Elumalai G. Muthu E. M. Selvam S. Thiagarajan S. Seetharaman Detection of multidrug resistance and associated genes among <em>Salmonella</em> species from enteric fever cases Sri Lankan Journal of Infectious Diseases beta-lactamases, enteric fever, fluoroquinolones, multidrug resistance, salmonella species |
| title | Detection of multidrug resistance and associated genes among <em>Salmonella</em> species from enteric fever cases |
| title_full | Detection of multidrug resistance and associated genes among <em>Salmonella</em> species from enteric fever cases |
| title_fullStr | Detection of multidrug resistance and associated genes among <em>Salmonella</em> species from enteric fever cases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of multidrug resistance and associated genes among <em>Salmonella</em> species from enteric fever cases |
| title_short | Detection of multidrug resistance and associated genes among <em>Salmonella</em> species from enteric fever cases |
| title_sort | detection of multidrug resistance and associated genes among em salmonella em species from enteric fever cases |
| topic | beta-lactamases, enteric fever, fluoroquinolones, multidrug resistance, salmonella species |
| url | https://sljid.sljol.info/articles/8436 |
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