Effects of Velocity Loss Threshold during Resistance Training on Strength and Athletic Adaptations: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
This study aimed to systematically review the effects of the different velocity loss (VL) thresholds during resistance training (RT) on strength and athletic adaptations. The VL was analyzed as both a categorical and continuous variable. For the categorical analysis, individual VL thresholds were di...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/9/4425 |
| _version_ | 1797505661375873024 |
|---|---|
| author | Alejandro Hernández-Belmonte Jesús G. Pallarés |
| author_facet | Alejandro Hernández-Belmonte Jesús G. Pallarés |
| author_sort | Alejandro Hernández-Belmonte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to systematically review the effects of the different velocity loss (VL) thresholds during resistance training (RT) on strength and athletic adaptations. The VL was analyzed as both a categorical and continuous variable. For the categorical analysis, individual VL thresholds were divided into Low-Mod<sub>VL</sub> (≤ 25% VL) or Mod-High<sub>VL</sub> (> 25% VL). The efficacy of these VL thresholds was examined using between-group (Low-Mod<sub>VL</sub> vs. Mod-High<sub>VL</sub>) and within-group (pre–post effects in each group) analyses. For the continuous analysis, the relationship (R<sup>2</sup>) between each individual VL threshold and its respective effect size (ES) in each outcome was examined. Ten studies (308 resistance-trained young men) were finally included. The Low-Mod<sub>VL</sub> group trained using a significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) lower VL (16.1 ± 6.2 vs. 39.8 ± 9.0%) and volume (212.0 ± 102.3 vs. 384.0 ± 95.0 repetitions) compared with Mod-High<sub>VL</sub>. Between-group analyses yielded higher efficacy of Low-Mod<sub>VL</sub> over Mod-High<sub>VL</sub> to increase performance against low (ES = 0.31, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and moderate/high loads (ES = 0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.07). Within-group analyses revealed superior effects after training using Low-Mod<sub>VL</sub> thresholds in all strength (Low-Mod<sub>VL</sub>, ES = 0.79–2.39 vs. Mod-High<sub>VL</sub>, ES = 0.59–1.91) and athletic (Low-Mod<sub>VL</sub>, ES = 0.35–0.59 vs. Mod-High<sub>VL</sub>, ES = 0.05–0.36) parameters. Relationship analyses showed that the adaptations produced decreased as the VL threshold increased, especially for the low loads (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.73, <i>p</i> = 0.01), local endurance (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.93, <i>p</i> = 0.04), and sprint ability (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.61, <i>p</i> = 0.06). These findings prove that low–moderate levels of intra-set fatigue (≤25% VL) are more effective and efficient stimuli than moderate–high levels (> 25% VL) to promote strength and athletic adaptations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:21:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37968d847f174be3aead29f6de6fa17a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:21:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-37968d847f174be3aead29f6de6fa17a2023-11-23T07:48:48ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-04-01129442510.3390/app12094425Effects of Velocity Loss Threshold during Resistance Training on Strength and Athletic Adaptations: A Systematic Review with Meta-AnalysisAlejandro Hernández-Belmonte0Jesús G. Pallarés1Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, SpainHuman Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, SpainThis study aimed to systematically review the effects of the different velocity loss (VL) thresholds during resistance training (RT) on strength and athletic adaptations. The VL was analyzed as both a categorical and continuous variable. For the categorical analysis, individual VL thresholds were divided into Low-Mod<sub>VL</sub> (≤ 25% VL) or Mod-High<sub>VL</sub> (> 25% VL). The efficacy of these VL thresholds was examined using between-group (Low-Mod<sub>VL</sub> vs. Mod-High<sub>VL</sub>) and within-group (pre–post effects in each group) analyses. For the continuous analysis, the relationship (R<sup>2</sup>) between each individual VL threshold and its respective effect size (ES) in each outcome was examined. Ten studies (308 resistance-trained young men) were finally included. The Low-Mod<sub>VL</sub> group trained using a significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) lower VL (16.1 ± 6.2 vs. 39.8 ± 9.0%) and volume (212.0 ± 102.3 vs. 384.0 ± 95.0 repetitions) compared with Mod-High<sub>VL</sub>. Between-group analyses yielded higher efficacy of Low-Mod<sub>VL</sub> over Mod-High<sub>VL</sub> to increase performance against low (ES = 0.31, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and moderate/high loads (ES = 0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.07). Within-group analyses revealed superior effects after training using Low-Mod<sub>VL</sub> thresholds in all strength (Low-Mod<sub>VL</sub>, ES = 0.79–2.39 vs. Mod-High<sub>VL</sub>, ES = 0.59–1.91) and athletic (Low-Mod<sub>VL</sub>, ES = 0.35–0.59 vs. Mod-High<sub>VL</sub>, ES = 0.05–0.36) parameters. Relationship analyses showed that the adaptations produced decreased as the VL threshold increased, especially for the low loads (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.73, <i>p</i> = 0.01), local endurance (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.93, <i>p</i> = 0.04), and sprint ability (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.61, <i>p</i> = 0.06). These findings prove that low–moderate levels of intra-set fatigue (≤25% VL) are more effective and efficient stimuli than moderate–high levels (> 25% VL) to promote strength and athletic adaptations.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/9/4425intra-set fatiguestrength trainingsprintjumpperformance |
| spellingShingle | Alejandro Hernández-Belmonte Jesús G. Pallarés Effects of Velocity Loss Threshold during Resistance Training on Strength and Athletic Adaptations: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis Applied Sciences intra-set fatigue strength training sprint jump performance |
| title | Effects of Velocity Loss Threshold during Resistance Training on Strength and Athletic Adaptations: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Effects of Velocity Loss Threshold during Resistance Training on Strength and Athletic Adaptations: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Velocity Loss Threshold during Resistance Training on Strength and Athletic Adaptations: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Velocity Loss Threshold during Resistance Training on Strength and Athletic Adaptations: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Effects of Velocity Loss Threshold during Resistance Training on Strength and Athletic Adaptations: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | effects of velocity loss threshold during resistance training on strength and athletic adaptations a systematic review with meta analysis |
| topic | intra-set fatigue strength training sprint jump performance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/9/4425 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alejandrohernandezbelmonte effectsofvelocitylossthresholdduringresistancetrainingonstrengthandathleticadaptationsasystematicreviewwithmetaanalysis AT jesusgpallares effectsofvelocitylossthresholdduringresistancetrainingonstrengthandathleticadaptationsasystematicreviewwithmetaanalysis |