A Close Examination of the Use of Systolic Time Intervals in the Calculation of Impedance Derived Cardiac Autonomic Balance and Regulation
Traditionally, impedance derived measures of cardiac autonomic balance (CAB) and regulation (CAR) are calculated using indices of heart rate variability (HRV) that primarily reflect parasympathetic nervous system activity (e.g., high-frequency HRV | HF-HRV) and pre-ejection period (PEP; a systolic t...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.625276/full |
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| author | Cameron R. Wiley Vida Pourmand Julian F. Thayer DeWayne P. Williams |
| author_facet | Cameron R. Wiley Vida Pourmand Julian F. Thayer DeWayne P. Williams |
| author_sort | Cameron R. Wiley |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Traditionally, impedance derived measures of cardiac autonomic balance (CAB) and regulation (CAR) are calculated using indices of heart rate variability (HRV) that primarily reflect parasympathetic nervous system activity (e.g., high-frequency HRV | HF-HRV) and pre-ejection period (PEP; a systolic time interval and measure of sympathetic activity). However, HF-HRV and PEP are considered measures of chronotropic and inotropic cardiac influence, respectively. Left ventricular ejection time (LVET) is a systolic time interval that reflects sympathetic chronotropic influence, and therefore may be a more appropriate measure for calculating CAB and CAR compared to PEP. Thus, the current study evaluates both PEP and LVET in the calculation of CAB and CAR. Data from 158 healthy participants (mean age = 19.09 years old, SD = 1.84 years) were available for analyses. CAB and CAR values were calculated using both HF-HRV and the root mean square of successive differences, in addition to both PEP and LVET, in accordance with previously established guidelines. Analyses showed that correlations were significantly weaker between CAB and CAR calculated using LVET for both HF (z = 5.12, p < 0.001) and RMSSD (z = 5.26, p < 0.001) than with PEP. These data suggest that LVET, compared to PEP, provides better “autonomic space” as evidenced by a lack of correlation between CAB and CAR computed using LVET. We stress that future research consider calculating CAB and CAR using chronotropic measures for both parasympathetic and sympathetic activity, as doing so may yield more accurate and independent measures of cardiac autonomic activity compared to a mixture of inotropic (i.e., PEP) and chronotropic (i.e., HF-HRV) measures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:09:06Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:09:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-37a19bb239f24323baba00fd400d733f2022-12-21T22:23:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2021-04-011510.3389/fnins.2021.625276625276A Close Examination of the Use of Systolic Time Intervals in the Calculation of Impedance Derived Cardiac Autonomic Balance and RegulationCameron R. Wiley0Vida Pourmand1Julian F. Thayer2DeWayne P. Williams3Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United StatesDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United StatesTraditionally, impedance derived measures of cardiac autonomic balance (CAB) and regulation (CAR) are calculated using indices of heart rate variability (HRV) that primarily reflect parasympathetic nervous system activity (e.g., high-frequency HRV | HF-HRV) and pre-ejection period (PEP; a systolic time interval and measure of sympathetic activity). However, HF-HRV and PEP are considered measures of chronotropic and inotropic cardiac influence, respectively. Left ventricular ejection time (LVET) is a systolic time interval that reflects sympathetic chronotropic influence, and therefore may be a more appropriate measure for calculating CAB and CAR compared to PEP. Thus, the current study evaluates both PEP and LVET in the calculation of CAB and CAR. Data from 158 healthy participants (mean age = 19.09 years old, SD = 1.84 years) were available for analyses. CAB and CAR values were calculated using both HF-HRV and the root mean square of successive differences, in addition to both PEP and LVET, in accordance with previously established guidelines. Analyses showed that correlations were significantly weaker between CAB and CAR calculated using LVET for both HF (z = 5.12, p < 0.001) and RMSSD (z = 5.26, p < 0.001) than with PEP. These data suggest that LVET, compared to PEP, provides better “autonomic space” as evidenced by a lack of correlation between CAB and CAR computed using LVET. We stress that future research consider calculating CAB and CAR using chronotropic measures for both parasympathetic and sympathetic activity, as doing so may yield more accurate and independent measures of cardiac autonomic activity compared to a mixture of inotropic (i.e., PEP) and chronotropic (i.e., HF-HRV) measures.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.625276/fullcardiac autonomic balancecardiac autonomic regulationheart rate variabilitypre-ejection periodleft ventricular ejection time |
| spellingShingle | Cameron R. Wiley Vida Pourmand Julian F. Thayer DeWayne P. Williams A Close Examination of the Use of Systolic Time Intervals in the Calculation of Impedance Derived Cardiac Autonomic Balance and Regulation Frontiers in Neuroscience cardiac autonomic balance cardiac autonomic regulation heart rate variability pre-ejection period left ventricular ejection time |
| title | A Close Examination of the Use of Systolic Time Intervals in the Calculation of Impedance Derived Cardiac Autonomic Balance and Regulation |
| title_full | A Close Examination of the Use of Systolic Time Intervals in the Calculation of Impedance Derived Cardiac Autonomic Balance and Regulation |
| title_fullStr | A Close Examination of the Use of Systolic Time Intervals in the Calculation of Impedance Derived Cardiac Autonomic Balance and Regulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Close Examination of the Use of Systolic Time Intervals in the Calculation of Impedance Derived Cardiac Autonomic Balance and Regulation |
| title_short | A Close Examination of the Use of Systolic Time Intervals in the Calculation of Impedance Derived Cardiac Autonomic Balance and Regulation |
| title_sort | close examination of the use of systolic time intervals in the calculation of impedance derived cardiac autonomic balance and regulation |
| topic | cardiac autonomic balance cardiac autonomic regulation heart rate variability pre-ejection period left ventricular ejection time |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.625276/full |
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