The Link between Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement (PICP) Design and Nutrient Removal
The construction of ‘hard’ impermeable surfaces in urban areas results in the increased flow of stormwater runoff and its associated pollutants into downstream receiving waters. Permeable Pavement Systems (PPS) can help mitigate this. The most common type of PPS in South Africa is permeable interloc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/6/1714 |
| _version_ | 1797565154729132032 |
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| author | Bodi Kimberly Liu Neil P. Armitage |
| author_facet | Bodi Kimberly Liu Neil P. Armitage |
| author_sort | Bodi Kimberly Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The construction of ‘hard’ impermeable surfaces in urban areas results in the increased flow of stormwater runoff and its associated pollutants into downstream receiving waters. Permeable Pavement Systems (PPS) can help mitigate this. The most common type of PPS in South Africa is permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP), but there is currently insufficient information available on the relative treatment performance of different PICP designs. This paper describes an investigation into the performance of ten different PICP systems constructed in the Civil Engineering Laboratory at the University of Cape Town for the treatment of various nutrients commonly found in stormwater runoff. It was found that removal efficiencies ranged from 27.5% to 78.7% for ammonia-nitrogen and from −37% to 11% for orthophosphate-phosphorus; whilst 4% to 20.2% more nitrite-nitrogen and 160% to 2580% more nitrate-nitrogen were simultaneously added. The presence of a geotextile resulted in higher ammonia-nitrogen removal efficiencies but also higher nitrate-nitrogen addition than those cells without—with small differences between various types. The cell with a permanently wet ‘sump’ had the highest nitrate-nitrogen addition of all. Lower pH results in higher nitrate-nitrogen concentrations, whilst the electrical conductivity strongly depends on the length of the periods between rainfall ‘seasons’, decreasing rapidly during wet periods but increasing during dry periods. Paver type also had a minor impact on nutrient removal. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:08:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37a970f25f2649b58bdf7ae1381e871d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:08:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-37a970f25f2649b58bdf7ae1381e871d2023-11-20T03:58:20ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-06-01126171410.3390/w12061714The Link between Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement (PICP) Design and Nutrient RemovalBodi Kimberly Liu0Neil P. Armitage1Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South AfricaDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South AfricaThe construction of ‘hard’ impermeable surfaces in urban areas results in the increased flow of stormwater runoff and its associated pollutants into downstream receiving waters. Permeable Pavement Systems (PPS) can help mitigate this. The most common type of PPS in South Africa is permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP), but there is currently insufficient information available on the relative treatment performance of different PICP designs. This paper describes an investigation into the performance of ten different PICP systems constructed in the Civil Engineering Laboratory at the University of Cape Town for the treatment of various nutrients commonly found in stormwater runoff. It was found that removal efficiencies ranged from 27.5% to 78.7% for ammonia-nitrogen and from −37% to 11% for orthophosphate-phosphorus; whilst 4% to 20.2% more nitrite-nitrogen and 160% to 2580% more nitrate-nitrogen were simultaneously added. The presence of a geotextile resulted in higher ammonia-nitrogen removal efficiencies but also higher nitrate-nitrogen addition than those cells without—with small differences between various types. The cell with a permanently wet ‘sump’ had the highest nitrate-nitrogen addition of all. Lower pH results in higher nitrate-nitrogen concentrations, whilst the electrical conductivity strongly depends on the length of the periods between rainfall ‘seasons’, decreasing rapidly during wet periods but increasing during dry periods. Paver type also had a minor impact on nutrient removal.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/6/1714permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP)nutrient removal from stormwatersustainable drainage systems (SuDS) |
| spellingShingle | Bodi Kimberly Liu Neil P. Armitage The Link between Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement (PICP) Design and Nutrient Removal Water permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP) nutrient removal from stormwater sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) |
| title | The Link between Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement (PICP) Design and Nutrient Removal |
| title_full | The Link between Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement (PICP) Design and Nutrient Removal |
| title_fullStr | The Link between Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement (PICP) Design and Nutrient Removal |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Link between Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement (PICP) Design and Nutrient Removal |
| title_short | The Link between Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement (PICP) Design and Nutrient Removal |
| title_sort | link between permeable interlocking concrete pavement picp design and nutrient removal |
| topic | permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP) nutrient removal from stormwater sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/6/1714 |
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