Stem Cell Repair of the Microvascular Damage in Stroke
Stroke is a life-threatening disease that leads to mortality, with survivors subjected to long-term disability. Microvascular damage is implicated as a key pathological feature, as well as a therapeutic target for stroke. In this review, we present evidence detailing subacute diaschisis in a focal i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/9/2075 |
| _version_ | 1797553983683821568 |
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| author | Madeline Saft Bella Gonzales-Portillo You Jeong Park Blaise Cozene Nadia Sadanandan Justin Cho Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis Cesar V. Borlongan |
| author_facet | Madeline Saft Bella Gonzales-Portillo You Jeong Park Blaise Cozene Nadia Sadanandan Justin Cho Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis Cesar V. Borlongan |
| author_sort | Madeline Saft |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stroke is a life-threatening disease that leads to mortality, with survivors subjected to long-term disability. Microvascular damage is implicated as a key pathological feature, as well as a therapeutic target for stroke. In this review, we present evidence detailing subacute diaschisis in a focal ischemic stroke rat model with a focus on blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and related pathogenic processes in contralateral brain areas. Additionally, we discuss BBB competence in chronic diaschisis in a similar rat stroke model, highlighting the pathological changes in contralateral brain areas that indicate progressive morphological brain disturbances overtime after stroke onset. With diaschisis closely approximating stroke onset and progression, it stands as a treatment of interest for stroke. Indeed, the use of stem cell transplantation for the repair of microvascular damage has been investigated, demonstrating that bone marrow stem cells intravenously transplanted into rats 48 h post-stroke survive and integrate into the microvasculature. Ultrastructural analysis of transplanted stroke brains reveals that microvessels display a near-normal morphology of endothelial cells and their mitochondria. Cell-based therapeutics represent a new mechanism in BBB and microvascular repair for stroke. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:24:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37b1eb0f8c9c45068ac65687e81712c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:24:17Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-37b1eb0f8c9c45068ac65687e81712c12023-11-20T13:21:07ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-09-0199207510.3390/cells9092075Stem Cell Repair of the Microvascular Damage in StrokeMadeline Saft0Bella Gonzales-Portillo1You Jeong Park2Blaise Cozene3Nadia Sadanandan4Justin Cho5Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis6Cesar V. Borlongan7University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USANorthwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USADepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USATulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USAGeorgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USADepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USADepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USADepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USAStroke is a life-threatening disease that leads to mortality, with survivors subjected to long-term disability. Microvascular damage is implicated as a key pathological feature, as well as a therapeutic target for stroke. In this review, we present evidence detailing subacute diaschisis in a focal ischemic stroke rat model with a focus on blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and related pathogenic processes in contralateral brain areas. Additionally, we discuss BBB competence in chronic diaschisis in a similar rat stroke model, highlighting the pathological changes in contralateral brain areas that indicate progressive morphological brain disturbances overtime after stroke onset. With diaschisis closely approximating stroke onset and progression, it stands as a treatment of interest for stroke. Indeed, the use of stem cell transplantation for the repair of microvascular damage has been investigated, demonstrating that bone marrow stem cells intravenously transplanted into rats 48 h post-stroke survive and integrate into the microvasculature. Ultrastructural analysis of transplanted stroke brains reveals that microvessels display a near-normal morphology of endothelial cells and their mitochondria. Cell-based therapeutics represent a new mechanism in BBB and microvascular repair for stroke.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/9/2075ischemiamicrovasculatureblood–brain barrierdiaschisisbone marrow |
| spellingShingle | Madeline Saft Bella Gonzales-Portillo You Jeong Park Blaise Cozene Nadia Sadanandan Justin Cho Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis Cesar V. Borlongan Stem Cell Repair of the Microvascular Damage in Stroke Cells ischemia microvasculature blood–brain barrier diaschisis bone marrow |
| title | Stem Cell Repair of the Microvascular Damage in Stroke |
| title_full | Stem Cell Repair of the Microvascular Damage in Stroke |
| title_fullStr | Stem Cell Repair of the Microvascular Damage in Stroke |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stem Cell Repair of the Microvascular Damage in Stroke |
| title_short | Stem Cell Repair of the Microvascular Damage in Stroke |
| title_sort | stem cell repair of the microvascular damage in stroke |
| topic | ischemia microvasculature blood–brain barrier diaschisis bone marrow |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/9/2075 |
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