Predominance of <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp., Harboring the <i>bla</i><sub>IMP</sub> Gene, Contaminating the Hospital Environment in a Tertiary Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Laboratory-Based Study
Data on colonization and hospital contamination of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) are limited in low- and middle-income countries. We designed this study to determine the prevalence and co-existence of carbapenemase genes among CR-GNB isolated from clinical, colonization, and h...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/1/63 |
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| author | Vitus Silago Eveline C. Mruma Betrand Msemwa Conjester I. Mtemisika Shukurani Phillip Reuben A. Ndagula Maria M. Said Martha F. Mushi Stephen E. Mshana |
| author_facet | Vitus Silago Eveline C. Mruma Betrand Msemwa Conjester I. Mtemisika Shukurani Phillip Reuben A. Ndagula Maria M. Said Martha F. Mushi Stephen E. Mshana |
| author_sort | Vitus Silago |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Data on colonization and hospital contamination of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) are limited in low- and middle-income countries. We designed this study to determine the prevalence and co-existence of carbapenemase genes among CR-GNB isolated from clinical, colonization, and hospital environmental samples at a tertiary hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania. The modified Hodge test (MHT), the combined disk test (CDT), and the double-disk synergy test (DDST) were used for the phenotypic detection of carbapenemases. A multiplex PCR assay was used to detect <i>bla</i><sub>IMP</sub> and <i>bla</i><sub>KPC</sub>, and a singleplex PCR assay was used to detect <i>bla</i><sub>OXA-48</sub>. Data were analyzed by STATA version 13.0. Overall, 68.8% (44/64) of the CR-GNB had at least one phenotype by phenotypic methods, whereby 60.9% (39/64) were both CDT and DDST positive and 31.3% (20/64) were MHT positive. A total of 23/64 (35.9%) had at least one of the genes tested with the predominance of <i>bla</i><sub>IMP</sub> (91.3%; 21/23). In addition, 47.7% (21/44) of the CR-GNB phenotypes had at least one gene. Around 47.8% (11/23) of the CR-GNB carried multiple genes encoding for carbapenem resistance, with the maximum co-existence of <i>bla</i><sub>IMP</sub>/<i>bla</i><sub>KPC</sub>/<i>bla</i><sub>OXA-48</sub> (45.5%; 5/11). The majority of carbapenem-resistant genes were detected in <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. (82.6%; 19/23) and isolated from bed swabs (69.6%; 16/23). <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. carrying the <i>bla</i><sub>IMP</sub> gene predominantly contaminated the hospital environment. Therefore, we recommend routine decontamination of inanimate hospital surfaces, including patient beds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:45:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37b9dc65632245baaeacb3537887e98e |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:45:57Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-37b9dc65632245baaeacb3537887e98e2023-11-23T14:59:48ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-01-011116310.3390/pathogens11010063Predominance of <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp., Harboring the <i>bla</i><sub>IMP</sub> Gene, Contaminating the Hospital Environment in a Tertiary Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Laboratory-Based StudyVitus Silago0Eveline C. Mruma1Betrand Msemwa2Conjester I. Mtemisika3Shukurani Phillip4Reuben A. Ndagula5Maria M. Said6Martha F. Mushi7Stephen E. Mshana8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, TanzaniaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, TanzaniaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, TanzaniaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, TanzaniaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, TanzaniaNational Public Health Laboratory, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 9083, TanzaniaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, TanzaniaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, TanzaniaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, TanzaniaData on colonization and hospital contamination of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) are limited in low- and middle-income countries. We designed this study to determine the prevalence and co-existence of carbapenemase genes among CR-GNB isolated from clinical, colonization, and hospital environmental samples at a tertiary hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania. The modified Hodge test (MHT), the combined disk test (CDT), and the double-disk synergy test (DDST) were used for the phenotypic detection of carbapenemases. A multiplex PCR assay was used to detect <i>bla</i><sub>IMP</sub> and <i>bla</i><sub>KPC</sub>, and a singleplex PCR assay was used to detect <i>bla</i><sub>OXA-48</sub>. Data were analyzed by STATA version 13.0. Overall, 68.8% (44/64) of the CR-GNB had at least one phenotype by phenotypic methods, whereby 60.9% (39/64) were both CDT and DDST positive and 31.3% (20/64) were MHT positive. A total of 23/64 (35.9%) had at least one of the genes tested with the predominance of <i>bla</i><sub>IMP</sub> (91.3%; 21/23). In addition, 47.7% (21/44) of the CR-GNB phenotypes had at least one gene. Around 47.8% (11/23) of the CR-GNB carried multiple genes encoding for carbapenem resistance, with the maximum co-existence of <i>bla</i><sub>IMP</sub>/<i>bla</i><sub>KPC</sub>/<i>bla</i><sub>OXA-48</sub> (45.5%; 5/11). The majority of carbapenem-resistant genes were detected in <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. (82.6%; 19/23) and isolated from bed swabs (69.6%; 16/23). <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. carrying the <i>bla</i><sub>IMP</sub> gene predominantly contaminated the hospital environment. Therefore, we recommend routine decontamination of inanimate hospital surfaces, including patient beds.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/1/63antimicrobial resistancecarbapenem resistancecarbapenemase genesGram-negative bacteriamodified Hodge testdouble-disk synergy test |
| spellingShingle | Vitus Silago Eveline C. Mruma Betrand Msemwa Conjester I. Mtemisika Shukurani Phillip Reuben A. Ndagula Maria M. Said Martha F. Mushi Stephen E. Mshana Predominance of <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp., Harboring the <i>bla</i><sub>IMP</sub> Gene, Contaminating the Hospital Environment in a Tertiary Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Laboratory-Based Study Pathogens antimicrobial resistance carbapenem resistance carbapenemase genes Gram-negative bacteria modified Hodge test double-disk synergy test |
| title | Predominance of <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp., Harboring the <i>bla</i><sub>IMP</sub> Gene, Contaminating the Hospital Environment in a Tertiary Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Laboratory-Based Study |
| title_full | Predominance of <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp., Harboring the <i>bla</i><sub>IMP</sub> Gene, Contaminating the Hospital Environment in a Tertiary Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Laboratory-Based Study |
| title_fullStr | Predominance of <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp., Harboring the <i>bla</i><sub>IMP</sub> Gene, Contaminating the Hospital Environment in a Tertiary Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Laboratory-Based Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Predominance of <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp., Harboring the <i>bla</i><sub>IMP</sub> Gene, Contaminating the Hospital Environment in a Tertiary Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Laboratory-Based Study |
| title_short | Predominance of <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp., Harboring the <i>bla</i><sub>IMP</sub> Gene, Contaminating the Hospital Environment in a Tertiary Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Laboratory-Based Study |
| title_sort | predominance of i acinetobacter i spp harboring the i bla i sub imp sub gene contaminating the hospital environment in a tertiary hospital in mwanza tanzania a cross sectional laboratory based study |
| topic | antimicrobial resistance carbapenem resistance carbapenemase genes Gram-negative bacteria modified Hodge test double-disk synergy test |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/1/63 |
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