Exosomal delivery of therapeutic modulators through the blood–brain barrier; promise and pitfalls
Abstract Nowadays, a large population around the world, especially the elderly, suffers from neurological inflammatory and degenerative disorders/diseases. Current drug delivery strategies are facing different challenges because of the presence of the BBB, which limits the transport of various subst...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Cell & Bioscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-021-00650-0 |
| _version_ | 1818440416539705344 |
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| author | Morteza Heidarzadeh Yasemin Gürsoy-Özdemir Mehmet Kaya Aysan Eslami Abriz Amir Zarebkohan Reza Rahbarghazi Emel Sokullu |
| author_facet | Morteza Heidarzadeh Yasemin Gürsoy-Özdemir Mehmet Kaya Aysan Eslami Abriz Amir Zarebkohan Reza Rahbarghazi Emel Sokullu |
| author_sort | Morteza Heidarzadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Nowadays, a large population around the world, especially the elderly, suffers from neurological inflammatory and degenerative disorders/diseases. Current drug delivery strategies are facing different challenges because of the presence of the BBB, which limits the transport of various substances and cells to brain parenchyma. Additionally, the low rate of successful cell transplantation to the brain injury sites leads to efforts to find alternative therapies. Stem cell byproducts such as exosomes are touted as natural nano-drug carriers with 50–100 nm in diameter. These nano-sized particles could harbor and transfer a plethora of therapeutic agents and biological cargos to the brain. These nanoparticles would offer a solution to maintain paracrine cell-to-cell communications under healthy and inflammatory conditions. The main question is that the existence of the intact BBB could limit exosomal trafficking. Does BBB possess some molecular mechanisms that facilitate the exosomal delivery compared to the circulating cell? Although preliminary studies have shown that exosomes could cross the BBB, the exact molecular mechanism(s) beyond this phenomenon remains unclear. In this review, we tried to compile some facts about exosome delivery through the BBB and propose some mechanisms that regulate exosomal cross in pathological and physiological conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T18:12:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37c97e77b4f340fe8a64f11d376faf39 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-3701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T18:12:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cell & Bioscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-37c97e77b4f340fe8a64f11d376faf392022-12-21T22:52:15ZengBMCCell & Bioscience2045-37012021-07-0111112810.1186/s13578-021-00650-0Exosomal delivery of therapeutic modulators through the blood–brain barrier; promise and pitfallsMorteza Heidarzadeh0Yasemin Gürsoy-Özdemir1Mehmet Kaya2Aysan Eslami Abriz3Amir Zarebkohan4Reza Rahbarghazi5Emel Sokullu6Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM)Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM)Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM)Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesStem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesKoç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM)Abstract Nowadays, a large population around the world, especially the elderly, suffers from neurological inflammatory and degenerative disorders/diseases. Current drug delivery strategies are facing different challenges because of the presence of the BBB, which limits the transport of various substances and cells to brain parenchyma. Additionally, the low rate of successful cell transplantation to the brain injury sites leads to efforts to find alternative therapies. Stem cell byproducts such as exosomes are touted as natural nano-drug carriers with 50–100 nm in diameter. These nano-sized particles could harbor and transfer a plethora of therapeutic agents and biological cargos to the brain. These nanoparticles would offer a solution to maintain paracrine cell-to-cell communications under healthy and inflammatory conditions. The main question is that the existence of the intact BBB could limit exosomal trafficking. Does BBB possess some molecular mechanisms that facilitate the exosomal delivery compared to the circulating cell? Although preliminary studies have shown that exosomes could cross the BBB, the exact molecular mechanism(s) beyond this phenomenon remains unclear. In this review, we tried to compile some facts about exosome delivery through the BBB and propose some mechanisms that regulate exosomal cross in pathological and physiological conditions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-021-00650-0ExosomesBlood–brain barrierDelivery |
| spellingShingle | Morteza Heidarzadeh Yasemin Gürsoy-Özdemir Mehmet Kaya Aysan Eslami Abriz Amir Zarebkohan Reza Rahbarghazi Emel Sokullu Exosomal delivery of therapeutic modulators through the blood–brain barrier; promise and pitfalls Cell & Bioscience Exosomes Blood–brain barrier Delivery |
| title | Exosomal delivery of therapeutic modulators through the blood–brain barrier; promise and pitfalls |
| title_full | Exosomal delivery of therapeutic modulators through the blood–brain barrier; promise and pitfalls |
| title_fullStr | Exosomal delivery of therapeutic modulators through the blood–brain barrier; promise and pitfalls |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exosomal delivery of therapeutic modulators through the blood–brain barrier; promise and pitfalls |
| title_short | Exosomal delivery of therapeutic modulators through the blood–brain barrier; promise and pitfalls |
| title_sort | exosomal delivery of therapeutic modulators through the blood brain barrier promise and pitfalls |
| topic | Exosomes Blood–brain barrier Delivery |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-021-00650-0 |
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