EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, GC-MS AND FT-IR PROFILE OF COW URINE DISTILLATES PREPARED FROM FRESH URINE OF INDIGENOUS COW BREEDS
The present study was undertaken to explore the antimicrobial potential of cow urine distillate (gomutra ark) against pathogenic microorganisms of medical and veterinary significance. Cow urine distillates (CUDs) were prepared from fresh cow urine of three Indian breeds viz. Sahiwal, Tharparkar,...
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| Format: | Article |
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West Bengal Veterinary Alumni Association
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Exploratory Animal and Medical Research |
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| Online Access: | https://animalmedicalresearch.org/Vol.13_Issue-2_December_2023/Evaluation%20of%20antimicrobial%20activity,%20gc-ms%20and%20ft-ir%20profile%20of%20cow%20urine%20distillates.pdf |
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| author | Ravi Kant Agrawal Gaurav Kumar Sharma Abhishek Verma Mithilesh Kumar Singh Suman Talukder Sunil E. Jadhav Ashish Luke R. S. Rathore A. B. Pandey S. K. Mendiratta |
| author_facet | Ravi Kant Agrawal Gaurav Kumar Sharma Abhishek Verma Mithilesh Kumar Singh Suman Talukder Sunil E. Jadhav Ashish Luke R. S. Rathore A. B. Pandey S. K. Mendiratta |
| author_sort | Ravi Kant Agrawal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study was undertaken to explore the antimicrobial potential of cow urine
distillate (gomutra ark) against pathogenic microorganisms of medical and veterinary significance. Cow
urine distillates (CUDs) were prepared from fresh cow urine of three Indian breeds viz. Sahiwal,
Tharparkar, and Vrindavani. CUDs obtained from two goshalas and one commercially available CUD
were also tested for antimicrobial activity for comparison. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of
CUD, antimicrobial activity of concentrated CUD, bacteriostatic and bactericidal potential as well as
vapor phase activity were also determined. FT-IR and GC-MS analysis of the selected CUDs was
performed to detect the surface functional groups and chemical composition. No antimicrobial activity
was detected in the CUDs by disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. However, antimicrobial
activity was observed in the microtitre Plate (MTP) assay as evidenced by inhibition of visible growth
(turbidity) or measuring optical density (OD595). CUDs prepared from indigenous cows (Sahiwal and
Tharparkar) exhibited superior antimicrobial activity compared to CUDs from crossbred cows (Vrindavani)
or commercial CUDs. In general, CUDs were bactericidal for Gram-negative bacteria but bacteriostatic
for Gram-positive bacteria. The MIC of CUDs was found to be in the range of 1:4 to 1:8 dilution. The
concentrated CUDs exhibited a relatively lesser antimicrobial effect. CUDs exhibited antifungal activity
against Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur. CUDs also exhibited antimicrobial activity in the vapor
phase. FT-IR spectra of selected CUDs exhibited bending vibrations at 1633.5 cm-1 due to N-H groups
resembling N-H bonding in the structure of urea and stretching vibrations at 3330. 10 cm-1 due to C-H
group. GC-MS analysis of selected CUDs exhibited many compounds that may be responsible for the
antimicrobial activity. The results of the study confirm the antimicrobial potential of CUD as reported in
ancient literature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:30:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37cecc971e34484f9a13424f99b53a84 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2277-470X 2319-247X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:30:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | West Bengal Veterinary Alumni Association |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Exploratory Animal and Medical Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-37cecc971e34484f9a13424f99b53a842023-12-14T13:25:17ZengWest Bengal Veterinary Alumni AssociationExploratory Animal and Medical Research2277-470X2319-247X2023-12-0113225226210.52635/eamr/13.2.252-262EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, GC-MS AND FT-IR PROFILE OF COW URINE DISTILLATES PREPARED FROM FRESH URINE OF INDIGENOUS COW BREEDSRavi Kant Agrawal0Gaurav Kumar Sharma1Abhishek Verma2Mithilesh Kumar Singh3Suman Talukder4Sunil E. Jadhav5Ashish Luke6R. S. Rathore7A. B. Pandey8S. K. Mendiratta9ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, (Bareilly) Uttar Pradesh, India.ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, (Bareilly) Uttar Pradesh, India.ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, (Bareilly) Uttar Pradesh, India.ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, (Bareilly) Uttar Pradesh, India.ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, (Bareilly) Uttar Pradesh, India.ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, (Bareilly) Uttar Pradesh, India.ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, (Bareilly) Uttar Pradesh, India.ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, (Bareilly) Uttar Pradesh, India.ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, (Bareilly) Uttar Pradesh, India.ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, (Bareilly) Uttar Pradesh, India.The present study was undertaken to explore the antimicrobial potential of cow urine distillate (gomutra ark) against pathogenic microorganisms of medical and veterinary significance. Cow urine distillates (CUDs) were prepared from fresh cow urine of three Indian breeds viz. Sahiwal, Tharparkar, and Vrindavani. CUDs obtained from two goshalas and one commercially available CUD were also tested for antimicrobial activity for comparison. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CUD, antimicrobial activity of concentrated CUD, bacteriostatic and bactericidal potential as well as vapor phase activity were also determined. FT-IR and GC-MS analysis of the selected CUDs was performed to detect the surface functional groups and chemical composition. No antimicrobial activity was detected in the CUDs by disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. However, antimicrobial activity was observed in the microtitre Plate (MTP) assay as evidenced by inhibition of visible growth (turbidity) or measuring optical density (OD595). CUDs prepared from indigenous cows (Sahiwal and Tharparkar) exhibited superior antimicrobial activity compared to CUDs from crossbred cows (Vrindavani) or commercial CUDs. In general, CUDs were bactericidal for Gram-negative bacteria but bacteriostatic for Gram-positive bacteria. The MIC of CUDs was found to be in the range of 1:4 to 1:8 dilution. The concentrated CUDs exhibited a relatively lesser antimicrobial effect. CUDs exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur. CUDs also exhibited antimicrobial activity in the vapor phase. FT-IR spectra of selected CUDs exhibited bending vibrations at 1633.5 cm-1 due to N-H groups resembling N-H bonding in the structure of urea and stretching vibrations at 3330. 10 cm-1 due to C-H group. GC-MS analysis of selected CUDs exhibited many compounds that may be responsible for the antimicrobial activity. The results of the study confirm the antimicrobial potential of CUD as reported in ancient literature.https://animalmedicalresearch.org/Vol.13_Issue-2_December_2023/Evaluation%20of%20antimicrobial%20activity,%20gc-ms%20and%20ft-ir%20profile%20of%20cow%20urine%20distillates.pdfantimicrobial activitycow urinecow urine distillateantibacterialantifungalgc-ms |
| spellingShingle | Ravi Kant Agrawal Gaurav Kumar Sharma Abhishek Verma Mithilesh Kumar Singh Suman Talukder Sunil E. Jadhav Ashish Luke R. S. Rathore A. B. Pandey S. K. Mendiratta EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, GC-MS AND FT-IR PROFILE OF COW URINE DISTILLATES PREPARED FROM FRESH URINE OF INDIGENOUS COW BREEDS Exploratory Animal and Medical Research antimicrobial activity cow urine cow urine distillate antibacterial antifungal gc-ms |
| title | EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, GC-MS AND FT-IR PROFILE OF COW URINE DISTILLATES PREPARED FROM FRESH URINE OF INDIGENOUS COW BREEDS |
| title_full | EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, GC-MS AND FT-IR PROFILE OF COW URINE DISTILLATES PREPARED FROM FRESH URINE OF INDIGENOUS COW BREEDS |
| title_fullStr | EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, GC-MS AND FT-IR PROFILE OF COW URINE DISTILLATES PREPARED FROM FRESH URINE OF INDIGENOUS COW BREEDS |
| title_full_unstemmed | EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, GC-MS AND FT-IR PROFILE OF COW URINE DISTILLATES PREPARED FROM FRESH URINE OF INDIGENOUS COW BREEDS |
| title_short | EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, GC-MS AND FT-IR PROFILE OF COW URINE DISTILLATES PREPARED FROM FRESH URINE OF INDIGENOUS COW BREEDS |
| title_sort | evaluation of antimicrobial activity gc ms and ft ir profile of cow urine distillates prepared from fresh urine of indigenous cow breeds |
| topic | antimicrobial activity cow urine cow urine distillate antibacterial antifungal gc-ms |
| url | https://animalmedicalresearch.org/Vol.13_Issue-2_December_2023/Evaluation%20of%20antimicrobial%20activity,%20gc-ms%20and%20ft-ir%20profile%20of%20cow%20urine%20distillates.pdf |
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