Advances in Glioblastoma Therapy: An Update on Current Approaches
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary malignant brain tumor characterized by a high grade of malignancy and an extremely unfavorable prognosis. The current efficacy of established treatments for GBM is insufficient, necessitating the prompt development of novel therapeutic approaches. The progr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/11/1536 |
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| author | Ramcharan Singh Angom Naga Malleswara Rao Nakka Santanu Bhattacharya |
| author_facet | Ramcharan Singh Angom Naga Malleswara Rao Nakka Santanu Bhattacharya |
| author_sort | Ramcharan Singh Angom |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary malignant brain tumor characterized by a high grade of malignancy and an extremely unfavorable prognosis. The current efficacy of established treatments for GBM is insufficient, necessitating the prompt development of novel therapeutic approaches. The progress made in the fundamental scientific understanding of GBM is swiftly translated into more advanced stages of therapeutic studies. Despite extensive efforts to identify new therapeutic approaches, GBM exhibits a high mortality rate. The current efficacy of treatments for GBM patients is insufficient due to factors such as tumor heterogeneity, the blood–brain barrier, glioma stem cells, drug efflux pumps, and DNA damage repair mechanisms. Considering this, pharmacological cocktail therapy has demonstrated a growing efficacy in addressing these challenges. Towards this, various forms of immunotherapy, including the immune checkpoint blockade, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, and vaccine therapy have emerged as potential strategies for enhancing the prognosis of GBM. Current investigations are focused on exploring combination therapies to mitigate undesirable side effects and enhance immune responses against tumors. Furthermore, clinical trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy of several strategies to circumvent the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to achieve targeted delivery in patients suffering from recurrent GBM. In this review, we have described the biological and molecular targets for GBM therapy, pharmacologic therapy status, prominent resistance mechanisms, and new treatment approaches. We also discuss these promising therapeutic approaches to assess prospective innovative therapeutic agents and evaluated the present state of preclinical and clinical studies in GBM treatment. Overall, this review attempts to provide comprehensive information on the current status of GBM therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:58:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37de17e3250040b990160b5868b407b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:58:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-37de17e3250040b990160b5868b407b92023-11-24T14:32:38ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252023-10-011311153610.3390/brainsci13111536Advances in Glioblastoma Therapy: An Update on Current ApproachesRamcharan Singh Angom0Naga Malleswara Rao Nakka1Santanu Bhattacharya2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USAGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary malignant brain tumor characterized by a high grade of malignancy and an extremely unfavorable prognosis. The current efficacy of established treatments for GBM is insufficient, necessitating the prompt development of novel therapeutic approaches. The progress made in the fundamental scientific understanding of GBM is swiftly translated into more advanced stages of therapeutic studies. Despite extensive efforts to identify new therapeutic approaches, GBM exhibits a high mortality rate. The current efficacy of treatments for GBM patients is insufficient due to factors such as tumor heterogeneity, the blood–brain barrier, glioma stem cells, drug efflux pumps, and DNA damage repair mechanisms. Considering this, pharmacological cocktail therapy has demonstrated a growing efficacy in addressing these challenges. Towards this, various forms of immunotherapy, including the immune checkpoint blockade, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, and vaccine therapy have emerged as potential strategies for enhancing the prognosis of GBM. Current investigations are focused on exploring combination therapies to mitigate undesirable side effects and enhance immune responses against tumors. Furthermore, clinical trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy of several strategies to circumvent the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to achieve targeted delivery in patients suffering from recurrent GBM. In this review, we have described the biological and molecular targets for GBM therapy, pharmacologic therapy status, prominent resistance mechanisms, and new treatment approaches. We also discuss these promising therapeutic approaches to assess prospective innovative therapeutic agents and evaluated the present state of preclinical and clinical studies in GBM treatment. Overall, this review attempts to provide comprehensive information on the current status of GBM therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/11/1536glioblastoma multiformetherapyradiationsurgerynanocarriersimmunotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Ramcharan Singh Angom Naga Malleswara Rao Nakka Santanu Bhattacharya Advances in Glioblastoma Therapy: An Update on Current Approaches Brain Sciences glioblastoma multiforme therapy radiation surgery nanocarriers immunotherapy |
| title | Advances in Glioblastoma Therapy: An Update on Current Approaches |
| title_full | Advances in Glioblastoma Therapy: An Update on Current Approaches |
| title_fullStr | Advances in Glioblastoma Therapy: An Update on Current Approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Glioblastoma Therapy: An Update on Current Approaches |
| title_short | Advances in Glioblastoma Therapy: An Update on Current Approaches |
| title_sort | advances in glioblastoma therapy an update on current approaches |
| topic | glioblastoma multiforme therapy radiation surgery nanocarriers immunotherapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/11/1536 |
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