Sclerocarya birrea caffra nut meal as a substitute to soyabean meal: Effects on growth performance, feed intake and utilisation and viscera macromorphometry of blue-helmeted guinea fowl
Imported soyabean meal (SBM) is the major dietary protein (DP) source for the sub-Saharan African poultry industry making poultry production costly. Therefore, alternative locally available DP sources are required. We evaluated the potential of locally available Marula nut meal (MNM) to substitute S...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Veterinary and Animal Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X22000254 |
| _version_ | 1818472958392270848 |
|---|---|
| author | Thandanani Z. Nkwanyana Busisani Lembede Eliton Chivandi |
| author_facet | Thandanani Z. Nkwanyana Busisani Lembede Eliton Chivandi |
| author_sort | Thandanani Z. Nkwanyana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Imported soyabean meal (SBM) is the major dietary protein (DP) source for the sub-Saharan African poultry industry making poultry production costly. Therefore, alternative locally available DP sources are required. We evaluated the potential of locally available Marula nut meal (MNM) to substitute SBM in Guinea fowl (GF) diets by determining its effects on growth, feed intake (FI) and utilisation and viscera macromorphometry. Five grower diets wherein, on a CP basis, MNM substituted SBM at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% were formulated. Thirty-eight 4-week-old keets (n = 7 – 8), each individually housed in a cage, were randomly assigned to grower diets, and fed for 5 weeks and then transferred to corresponding finisher diets and fed for 3 weeks. Induction and weekly body mass, daily FI, and terminal body mass (TBM), body mass gain (BMG), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined. On slaughter, viscera masses, small and large intestines lengths, tibiae and femora indices were determined. In week 2 of the grower phase GF fed diet 3 (50% MNM CP) had the highest weekly BMG and ADG (P < 0.05) and in week 5 GF fed diet 5 (100% MNM CP) had the highest FI (P < 0.05). Dietary MNM did not affect the GF's BMG, ADG, FI and FCR during weeks 1, 3 and 4 of the grower phase. In week 3 of the finisher phase GF fed diet 3 (50% MNM CP) had the highest (P < 0.05) FCR. Dietary MNM had no effect (P > 0.05) on the trial BMG, ADG and FI of the GF but GF reared on grower and finisher diets 3 (50% substitution of SBM CP) had the highest (P < 0.05) FCR. MNM had no effect on tibiae and femora masses, lengths, and mass: length ratios and viscera macromorphometry of the GF. We conclude that MNM can, on a CP basis, substitute SBM, in GF grower and finisher diets at 25%, 75% and 100% without compromising growth, FI and utilization and viscera of GF. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T04:16:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37e3370b055442ce8bf1f86730c09cc8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2451-943X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T04:16:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary and Animal Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-37e3370b055442ce8bf1f86730c09cc82022-12-22T02:12:50ZengElsevierVeterinary and Animal Science2451-943X2022-09-0117100254Sclerocarya birrea caffra nut meal as a substitute to soyabean meal: Effects on growth performance, feed intake and utilisation and viscera macromorphometry of blue-helmeted guinea fowlThandanani Z. Nkwanyana0Busisani Lembede1Eliton Chivandi2Corresponding author.; School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South AfricaSchool of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South AfricaSchool of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South AfricaImported soyabean meal (SBM) is the major dietary protein (DP) source for the sub-Saharan African poultry industry making poultry production costly. Therefore, alternative locally available DP sources are required. We evaluated the potential of locally available Marula nut meal (MNM) to substitute SBM in Guinea fowl (GF) diets by determining its effects on growth, feed intake (FI) and utilisation and viscera macromorphometry. Five grower diets wherein, on a CP basis, MNM substituted SBM at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% were formulated. Thirty-eight 4-week-old keets (n = 7 – 8), each individually housed in a cage, were randomly assigned to grower diets, and fed for 5 weeks and then transferred to corresponding finisher diets and fed for 3 weeks. Induction and weekly body mass, daily FI, and terminal body mass (TBM), body mass gain (BMG), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined. On slaughter, viscera masses, small and large intestines lengths, tibiae and femora indices were determined. In week 2 of the grower phase GF fed diet 3 (50% MNM CP) had the highest weekly BMG and ADG (P < 0.05) and in week 5 GF fed diet 5 (100% MNM CP) had the highest FI (P < 0.05). Dietary MNM did not affect the GF's BMG, ADG, FI and FCR during weeks 1, 3 and 4 of the grower phase. In week 3 of the finisher phase GF fed diet 3 (50% MNM CP) had the highest (P < 0.05) FCR. Dietary MNM had no effect (P > 0.05) on the trial BMG, ADG and FI of the GF but GF reared on grower and finisher diets 3 (50% substitution of SBM CP) had the highest (P < 0.05) FCR. MNM had no effect on tibiae and femora masses, lengths, and mass: length ratios and viscera macromorphometry of the GF. We conclude that MNM can, on a CP basis, substitute SBM, in GF grower and finisher diets at 25%, 75% and 100% without compromising growth, FI and utilization and viscera of GF.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X22000254Numida meleagrisSclerocarya birreaNon-conventional feed ingredientsGrowth performanceFeed utilization efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Thandanani Z. Nkwanyana Busisani Lembede Eliton Chivandi Sclerocarya birrea caffra nut meal as a substitute to soyabean meal: Effects on growth performance, feed intake and utilisation and viscera macromorphometry of blue-helmeted guinea fowl Veterinary and Animal Science Numida meleagris Sclerocarya birrea Non-conventional feed ingredients Growth performance Feed utilization efficiency |
| title | Sclerocarya birrea caffra nut meal as a substitute to soyabean meal: Effects on growth performance, feed intake and utilisation and viscera macromorphometry of blue-helmeted guinea fowl |
| title_full | Sclerocarya birrea caffra nut meal as a substitute to soyabean meal: Effects on growth performance, feed intake and utilisation and viscera macromorphometry of blue-helmeted guinea fowl |
| title_fullStr | Sclerocarya birrea caffra nut meal as a substitute to soyabean meal: Effects on growth performance, feed intake and utilisation and viscera macromorphometry of blue-helmeted guinea fowl |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sclerocarya birrea caffra nut meal as a substitute to soyabean meal: Effects on growth performance, feed intake and utilisation and viscera macromorphometry of blue-helmeted guinea fowl |
| title_short | Sclerocarya birrea caffra nut meal as a substitute to soyabean meal: Effects on growth performance, feed intake and utilisation and viscera macromorphometry of blue-helmeted guinea fowl |
| title_sort | sclerocarya birrea caffra nut meal as a substitute to soyabean meal effects on growth performance feed intake and utilisation and viscera macromorphometry of blue helmeted guinea fowl |
| topic | Numida meleagris Sclerocarya birrea Non-conventional feed ingredients Growth performance Feed utilization efficiency |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X22000254 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thandananiznkwanyana sclerocaryabirreacaffranutmealasasubstitutetosoyabeanmealeffectsongrowthperformancefeedintakeandutilisationandvisceramacromorphometryofbluehelmetedguineafowl AT busisanilembede sclerocaryabirreacaffranutmealasasubstitutetosoyabeanmealeffectsongrowthperformancefeedintakeandutilisationandvisceramacromorphometryofbluehelmetedguineafowl AT elitonchivandi sclerocaryabirreacaffranutmealasasubstitutetosoyabeanmealeffectsongrowthperformancefeedintakeandutilisationandvisceramacromorphometryofbluehelmetedguineafowl |