Divergent Effects of Fertilizer Regimes on Taxonomic and Functional Compositions of Rhizosphere Bacteria and Fungi in <i>Phoebe bournei</i> Young Plantations Are Associated with Root Exudates
Fertilization is widely acknowledged as being an essential practice to improve forest productivity in forest ecosystems. However, too little consideration has been given to the taxonomic and functional compositions of rhizosphere soil microbes and their interactions with root exudates under differen...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/1/126 |
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| author | Zhong Luo Xisha Yang Jing Li Shizhi Wen Lili Yang Li Ji Gongxiu He |
| author_facet | Zhong Luo Xisha Yang Jing Li Shizhi Wen Lili Yang Li Ji Gongxiu He |
| author_sort | Zhong Luo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fertilization is widely acknowledged as being an essential practice to improve forest productivity in forest ecosystems. However, too little consideration has been given to the taxonomic and functional compositions of rhizosphere soil microbes and their interactions with root exudates under different fertilizer regimes in forest plantations. Here, we investigated the effects of four typical fertilizer regimes (CK, no fertilizer; CF, compound fertilizer; OF, organic fertilizer; CMF, compound microbial fertilizer) on soil microbial communities and their potential functional groups in <i>Phoebe bournei</i> young plantations, as well as their associations with soil physicochemical properties and root exudates. These results showed that fertilizer regimes strikingly affected the rhizosphere soil microbial community compositions and alpha diversity indices. The pathotroph was the dominant fungal guild. With the applications of three fertilizations, the relative abundances of the plant pathogen and arbuscular mycorrhiza increased. The alpha diversity of soil bacteria was highest under the OF regime, and soil fungal diversity was more powerfully affected by the amendment of CMF. Additionally, while the fungal community was simultaneously influenced by soil physiochemical factors and root exudates, the bacterial community in the rhizosphere was mostly impacted by root exudates. More importantly, the application of OF and CF induced dramatic growths of <i>Fusarium</i>, while CMF treatment including <i>Bacillus</i> suppressed the development of <i>Fusarium</i> via adjusting bacterial species. Overall, our findings exhibit the divergent responses of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi to fertilizer regimes in <i>P. bournei</i> young plantations. The application of organic fertilizer provides benefits for rhizosphere bacteria, and microbial fertilizer can help alleviate inhibition through changing pathogens. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:40:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-37ec443df6624b1698f4fb24523ac8572023-11-30T22:18:06ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072023-01-0114112610.3390/f14010126Divergent Effects of Fertilizer Regimes on Taxonomic and Functional Compositions of Rhizosphere Bacteria and Fungi in <i>Phoebe bournei</i> Young Plantations Are Associated with Root ExudatesZhong Luo0Xisha Yang1Jing Li2Shizhi Wen3Lili Yang4Li Ji5Gongxiu He6School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaSchool of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaSchool of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaSchool of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaSchool of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaSchool of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaDepartment of Soil and Water Conservation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaFertilization is widely acknowledged as being an essential practice to improve forest productivity in forest ecosystems. However, too little consideration has been given to the taxonomic and functional compositions of rhizosphere soil microbes and their interactions with root exudates under different fertilizer regimes in forest plantations. Here, we investigated the effects of four typical fertilizer regimes (CK, no fertilizer; CF, compound fertilizer; OF, organic fertilizer; CMF, compound microbial fertilizer) on soil microbial communities and their potential functional groups in <i>Phoebe bournei</i> young plantations, as well as their associations with soil physicochemical properties and root exudates. These results showed that fertilizer regimes strikingly affected the rhizosphere soil microbial community compositions and alpha diversity indices. The pathotroph was the dominant fungal guild. With the applications of three fertilizations, the relative abundances of the plant pathogen and arbuscular mycorrhiza increased. The alpha diversity of soil bacteria was highest under the OF regime, and soil fungal diversity was more powerfully affected by the amendment of CMF. Additionally, while the fungal community was simultaneously influenced by soil physiochemical factors and root exudates, the bacterial community in the rhizosphere was mostly impacted by root exudates. More importantly, the application of OF and CF induced dramatic growths of <i>Fusarium</i>, while CMF treatment including <i>Bacillus</i> suppressed the development of <i>Fusarium</i> via adjusting bacterial species. Overall, our findings exhibit the divergent responses of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi to fertilizer regimes in <i>P. bournei</i> young plantations. The application of organic fertilizer provides benefits for rhizosphere bacteria, and microbial fertilizer can help alleviate inhibition through changing pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/1/126organic fertilizercompound microbial fertilizer<i>Phoebe bournei</i> plantationrhizosphere microbiome<i>Bacillus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Zhong Luo Xisha Yang Jing Li Shizhi Wen Lili Yang Li Ji Gongxiu He Divergent Effects of Fertilizer Regimes on Taxonomic and Functional Compositions of Rhizosphere Bacteria and Fungi in <i>Phoebe bournei</i> Young Plantations Are Associated with Root Exudates Forests organic fertilizer compound microbial fertilizer <i>Phoebe bournei</i> plantation rhizosphere microbiome <i>Bacillus</i> |
| title | Divergent Effects of Fertilizer Regimes on Taxonomic and Functional Compositions of Rhizosphere Bacteria and Fungi in <i>Phoebe bournei</i> Young Plantations Are Associated with Root Exudates |
| title_full | Divergent Effects of Fertilizer Regimes on Taxonomic and Functional Compositions of Rhizosphere Bacteria and Fungi in <i>Phoebe bournei</i> Young Plantations Are Associated with Root Exudates |
| title_fullStr | Divergent Effects of Fertilizer Regimes on Taxonomic and Functional Compositions of Rhizosphere Bacteria and Fungi in <i>Phoebe bournei</i> Young Plantations Are Associated with Root Exudates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Divergent Effects of Fertilizer Regimes on Taxonomic and Functional Compositions of Rhizosphere Bacteria and Fungi in <i>Phoebe bournei</i> Young Plantations Are Associated with Root Exudates |
| title_short | Divergent Effects of Fertilizer Regimes on Taxonomic and Functional Compositions of Rhizosphere Bacteria and Fungi in <i>Phoebe bournei</i> Young Plantations Are Associated with Root Exudates |
| title_sort | divergent effects of fertilizer regimes on taxonomic and functional compositions of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi in i phoebe bournei i young plantations are associated with root exudates |
| topic | organic fertilizer compound microbial fertilizer <i>Phoebe bournei</i> plantation rhizosphere microbiome <i>Bacillus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/1/126 |
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