Mycobiota Associated with the Vascular Wilt of Poplar
In 2017, a 560-ha area of hybrid poplar plantation in northern Poland showed symptoms of tree decline. The leaves appeared smaller, yellow-brown, and were shed prematurely. Twigs and smaller branches died without distinct cankers. Trunks decayed from the base. The phloem and xylem showed brown necro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/5/892 |
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| author | Hanna Kwaśna Wojciech Szewczyk Marlena Baranowska Ewa Gallas Milena Wiśniewska Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk |
| author_facet | Hanna Kwaśna Wojciech Szewczyk Marlena Baranowska Ewa Gallas Milena Wiśniewska Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk |
| author_sort | Hanna Kwaśna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In 2017, a 560-ha area of hybrid poplar plantation in northern Poland showed symptoms of tree decline. The leaves appeared smaller, yellow-brown, and were shed prematurely. Twigs and smaller branches died without distinct cankers. Trunks decayed from the base. The phloem and xylem showed brown necrosis. Ten percent of the trees died 1–2 months after the first appearance of the symptoms. None of these symptoms were typical for known poplar diseases. The trees’ mycobiota were analysed using Illumina sequencing. A total of 69 467 and 70 218 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from the soil and wood. Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota occurred only in the soil, with very low frequencies (0.005% and 0.008%). Two taxa of Glomeromycota, with frequencies of 0.001%, occurred in the wood. In the soil and wood, the frequencies of Zygomycota were 3.631% and 0.006%, the frequencies of Ascomycota were 45.299% and 68.697%, and the frequencies of Basidiomycota were 4.119% and 2.076%. At least 400 taxa of fungi were present. The identifiable Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota were represented by at least 18, 263 and 81 taxa, respectively. Many fungi were common to the soil and wood, but 160 taxa occurred only in soil and 73 occurred only in wood. The root pathogens included species of Oomycota. The vascular and parenchymal pathogens included species of Ascomycota and of Basidiomycota. The initial endophytic character of the fungi is emphasized. Soil, and possibly planting material, may be the sources of the pathogen inoculum, and climate warming is likely to be a predisposing factor. A water deficit may increase the trees’ susceptibility. The epidemiology of poplar vascular wilt reminds grapevine trunk diseases (GTD), including esca, black foot disease and Petri disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:50:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37eeb6185fd340beb69b93b660a290ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:50:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-37eeb6185fd340beb69b93b660a290ea2023-11-21T17:39:42ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-04-0110589210.3390/plants10050892Mycobiota Associated with the Vascular Wilt of PoplarHanna Kwaśna0Wojciech Szewczyk1Marlena Baranowska2Ewa Gallas3Milena Wiśniewska4Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk5Department of Forest Pathology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Forest Pathology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Silviculture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Forest Pathology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Forest Pathology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Forest Pathology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, PolandIn 2017, a 560-ha area of hybrid poplar plantation in northern Poland showed symptoms of tree decline. The leaves appeared smaller, yellow-brown, and were shed prematurely. Twigs and smaller branches died without distinct cankers. Trunks decayed from the base. The phloem and xylem showed brown necrosis. Ten percent of the trees died 1–2 months after the first appearance of the symptoms. None of these symptoms were typical for known poplar diseases. The trees’ mycobiota were analysed using Illumina sequencing. A total of 69 467 and 70 218 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from the soil and wood. Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota occurred only in the soil, with very low frequencies (0.005% and 0.008%). Two taxa of Glomeromycota, with frequencies of 0.001%, occurred in the wood. In the soil and wood, the frequencies of Zygomycota were 3.631% and 0.006%, the frequencies of Ascomycota were 45.299% and 68.697%, and the frequencies of Basidiomycota were 4.119% and 2.076%. At least 400 taxa of fungi were present. The identifiable Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota were represented by at least 18, 263 and 81 taxa, respectively. Many fungi were common to the soil and wood, but 160 taxa occurred only in soil and 73 occurred only in wood. The root pathogens included species of Oomycota. The vascular and parenchymal pathogens included species of Ascomycota and of Basidiomycota. The initial endophytic character of the fungi is emphasized. Soil, and possibly planting material, may be the sources of the pathogen inoculum, and climate warming is likely to be a predisposing factor. A water deficit may increase the trees’ susceptibility. The epidemiology of poplar vascular wilt reminds grapevine trunk diseases (GTD), including esca, black foot disease and Petri disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/5/892fungipathogensplantationpoplar hybridsvascular wilt |
| spellingShingle | Hanna Kwaśna Wojciech Szewczyk Marlena Baranowska Ewa Gallas Milena Wiśniewska Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk Mycobiota Associated with the Vascular Wilt of Poplar Plants fungi pathogens plantation poplar hybrids vascular wilt |
| title | Mycobiota Associated with the Vascular Wilt of Poplar |
| title_full | Mycobiota Associated with the Vascular Wilt of Poplar |
| title_fullStr | Mycobiota Associated with the Vascular Wilt of Poplar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mycobiota Associated with the Vascular Wilt of Poplar |
| title_short | Mycobiota Associated with the Vascular Wilt of Poplar |
| title_sort | mycobiota associated with the vascular wilt of poplar |
| topic | fungi pathogens plantation poplar hybrids vascular wilt |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/5/892 |
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