An Overview of Current Approaches and Challenges to the Control of Endemic Infectious Cattle Diseases in Albania
Agriculture is an important production sector in Albania that makes a significant contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) and employment. The livestock sector contributes more than half of the agricultural GDP. The Albanian cattle population represents 50% of the total livestock units and a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.671873/full |
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| author | Xhelil Koleci Ali Lilo Sotiraq Papa Keti Margariti Annika van Roon Inge Santman-Berends Gerdien van Schaik Gerdien van Schaik Jaka Jakob Hodnik Sam Strain Maria Guelbenzu-Gonzalo Esa Karalliu |
| author_facet | Xhelil Koleci Ali Lilo Sotiraq Papa Keti Margariti Annika van Roon Inge Santman-Berends Gerdien van Schaik Gerdien van Schaik Jaka Jakob Hodnik Sam Strain Maria Guelbenzu-Gonzalo Esa Karalliu |
| author_sort | Xhelil Koleci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Agriculture is an important production sector in Albania that makes a significant contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) and employment. The livestock sector contributes more than half of the agricultural GDP. The Albanian cattle population represents 50% of the total livestock units and accounts for 85% of the national milk production, the rest being supplied by small ruminants. Cattle productivity, health and welfare are hindered by infectious diseases, some of which are also transmissible to humans (zoonosis). The aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview of the control of selected regulated and non-EU regulated cattle diseases in Albania and to highlight specific challenges for the Albanian cattle industry. The most important infectious cattle diseases in Albania for which national control and eradication strategies are in place are bovine brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, and anthrax, which are all zoonotic. Additionally, lumpy skin disease recently emerged in the Balkan region and is currently subject to controls. Most of the available funds and European Union support are allocated to the control of EU regulated zoonotic diseases. For control of non-EU regulated cattle diseases, no funds are available resulting in the lack of national control programmes (CPs). Based on research, clinical investigations and laboratory results, several non-EU regulated cattle infectious diseases appear endemic in Albanian dairy farms. While no national CPs exist for any of them, regional initiatives are available on a voluntary basis to control infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea. In the voluntary CPs, there is no monitored requirement to prove disease freedom of purchased animals and to re-evaluate the herd's free status after the introduction of animals into a herd. Data on animal movements that are routinely collected could potentially be used to control the risk of purchase, but quality needs to be further improved to increase its usefulness in disease CPs. This overview aims to collate existing information on the CPs implemented in Albania and to evaluate these to highlight gaps and threats in disease control, as well as opportunities and strengths through a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis, with the goal of providing a framework for the future implementation of animal disease control measures in Albania. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T08:24:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37fbfc41896e4918ad4a923256ba5611 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T08:24:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-37fbfc41896e4918ad4a923256ba56112022-12-21T18:32:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692021-07-01810.3389/fvets.2021.671873671873An Overview of Current Approaches and Challenges to the Control of Endemic Infectious Cattle Diseases in AlbaniaXhelil Koleci0Ali Lilo1Sotiraq Papa2Keti Margariti3Annika van Roon4Inge Santman-Berends5Gerdien van Schaik6Gerdien van Schaik7Jaka Jakob Hodnik8Sam Strain9Maria Guelbenzu-Gonzalo10Esa Karalliu11Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, AlbaniaVeterinary & Animal Welfare Sector, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development, Tirana, AlbaniaVeterinary & Animal Welfare Sector, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development, Tirana, AlbaniaVeterinary & Animal Welfare Sector, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development, Tirana, AlbaniaUnit Farm Animal Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology, Royal Gezondheidsdienst voor, Deventer, NetherlandsUnit Farm Animal Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology, Royal Gezondheidsdienst voor, Deventer, NetherlandsClinic for Reproduction and Large Animals, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaAnimal Health and Welfare Northern Ireland, Dungannon, United KingdomAnimal Health Ireland, Carrick-On-Shannon, IrelandVeterinary & Animal Welfare Sector, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development, Tirana, AlbaniaAgriculture is an important production sector in Albania that makes a significant contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) and employment. The livestock sector contributes more than half of the agricultural GDP. The Albanian cattle population represents 50% of the total livestock units and accounts for 85% of the national milk production, the rest being supplied by small ruminants. Cattle productivity, health and welfare are hindered by infectious diseases, some of which are also transmissible to humans (zoonosis). The aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview of the control of selected regulated and non-EU regulated cattle diseases in Albania and to highlight specific challenges for the Albanian cattle industry. The most important infectious cattle diseases in Albania for which national control and eradication strategies are in place are bovine brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, and anthrax, which are all zoonotic. Additionally, lumpy skin disease recently emerged in the Balkan region and is currently subject to controls. Most of the available funds and European Union support are allocated to the control of EU regulated zoonotic diseases. For control of non-EU regulated cattle diseases, no funds are available resulting in the lack of national control programmes (CPs). Based on research, clinical investigations and laboratory results, several non-EU regulated cattle infectious diseases appear endemic in Albanian dairy farms. While no national CPs exist for any of them, regional initiatives are available on a voluntary basis to control infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea. In the voluntary CPs, there is no monitored requirement to prove disease freedom of purchased animals and to re-evaluate the herd's free status after the introduction of animals into a herd. Data on animal movements that are routinely collected could potentially be used to control the risk of purchase, but quality needs to be further improved to increase its usefulness in disease CPs. This overview aims to collate existing information on the CPs implemented in Albania and to evaluate these to highlight gaps and threats in disease control, as well as opportunities and strengths through a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis, with the goal of providing a framework for the future implementation of animal disease control measures in Albania.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.671873/fullcattle diseasescontrol programmedisease freedomStandardizing Output-based surveillance to control Non-regulated Diseases of cattle in the EUAlbania |
| spellingShingle | Xhelil Koleci Ali Lilo Sotiraq Papa Keti Margariti Annika van Roon Inge Santman-Berends Gerdien van Schaik Gerdien van Schaik Jaka Jakob Hodnik Sam Strain Maria Guelbenzu-Gonzalo Esa Karalliu An Overview of Current Approaches and Challenges to the Control of Endemic Infectious Cattle Diseases in Albania Frontiers in Veterinary Science cattle diseases control programme disease freedom Standardizing Output-based surveillance to control Non-regulated Diseases of cattle in the EU Albania |
| title | An Overview of Current Approaches and Challenges to the Control of Endemic Infectious Cattle Diseases in Albania |
| title_full | An Overview of Current Approaches and Challenges to the Control of Endemic Infectious Cattle Diseases in Albania |
| title_fullStr | An Overview of Current Approaches and Challenges to the Control of Endemic Infectious Cattle Diseases in Albania |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Overview of Current Approaches and Challenges to the Control of Endemic Infectious Cattle Diseases in Albania |
| title_short | An Overview of Current Approaches and Challenges to the Control of Endemic Infectious Cattle Diseases in Albania |
| title_sort | overview of current approaches and challenges to the control of endemic infectious cattle diseases in albania |
| topic | cattle diseases control programme disease freedom Standardizing Output-based surveillance to control Non-regulated Diseases of cattle in the EU Albania |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.671873/full |
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