<i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> Extraction Waste Supplementation Promotes Thermal Stress Tolerance and Tissue Regeneration Ability of Zebrafish
<i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> (AC) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunomodulation activities. It is estimated that hundreds of metric tons of AC extraction waste (ACEW) are produced per year in Taiwan. This study aims to assess the feasibility of applying ACEW as...
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/18/4213 |
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| author | Chi-Chang Chang Yung-Chuan Lu Chih-Chun Wang Tsui-Ling Ko Jung-Ren Chen Wei Wang Ya-Ling Chen Yu-Wen Wang Tzu-Hsien Chang Hsia-Fen Hsu Jer-Yiing Houng |
| author_facet | Chi-Chang Chang Yung-Chuan Lu Chih-Chun Wang Tsui-Ling Ko Jung-Ren Chen Wei Wang Ya-Ling Chen Yu-Wen Wang Tzu-Hsien Chang Hsia-Fen Hsu Jer-Yiing Houng |
| author_sort | Chi-Chang Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> (AC) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunomodulation activities. It is estimated that hundreds of metric tons of AC extraction waste (ACEW) are produced per year in Taiwan. This study aims to assess the feasibility of applying ACEW as feed supplement in the aquaculture industry. ACEW significantly inhibited the growth of microorganisms in the water tank, by around 39.4% reduction on the fifth day with feed supplemented of 10% ACEW. The feed conversion efficiency of zebrafish with 10% ACEW supplementation for 30 days was 1.22-fold compared to that of the control. ACEW dramatically improved the tolerances of zebrafish under the heat and cold stresses. When at water temperature extremes of 38 °C or 11 °C, compared to the 100% mortality rate in the control group, the 10% ACEW diet group still had 91.7% and 83.3% survival rates, respectively. In a caudal fin amputation test, the fin recovery of zebrafish was increased from 68.4% to 93% with 10% ACEW diet after 3-week regeneration. ACEW effectively down-regulated the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, and up-regulated the gene expression of IL-4/13A. Additionally, the supplement of ACEW in the feed can maintain and prevent the fish’s body weight from dropping too much under enteritis. Taken together, ACEW has beneficial potential in aquaculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:20:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37fd944892444ccbae10d481ba75e00f |
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| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:20:25Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-37fd944892444ccbae10d481ba75e00f2023-11-20T13:41:44ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-09-012518421310.3390/molecules25184213<i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> Extraction Waste Supplementation Promotes Thermal Stress Tolerance and Tissue Regeneration Ability of ZebrafishChi-Chang Chang0Yung-Chuan Lu1Chih-Chun Wang2Tsui-Ling Ko3Jung-Ren Chen4Wei Wang5Ya-Ling Chen6Yu-Wen Wang7Tzu-Hsien Chang8Hsia-Fen Hsu9Jer-Yiing Houng10School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, TaiwanSchool of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, TaiwanSchool of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, TaiwanSchool of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, TaiwanDepartment of Biological Science and Technology, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, TaiwanDepartment of Biological Science and Technology, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, TaiwanDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, TaiwanDepartment of Nutrition, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, TaiwanDepartment of Nutrition, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, TaiwanDepartment of Nutrition, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan<i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> (AC) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunomodulation activities. It is estimated that hundreds of metric tons of AC extraction waste (ACEW) are produced per year in Taiwan. This study aims to assess the feasibility of applying ACEW as feed supplement in the aquaculture industry. ACEW significantly inhibited the growth of microorganisms in the water tank, by around 39.4% reduction on the fifth day with feed supplemented of 10% ACEW. The feed conversion efficiency of zebrafish with 10% ACEW supplementation for 30 days was 1.22-fold compared to that of the control. ACEW dramatically improved the tolerances of zebrafish under the heat and cold stresses. When at water temperature extremes of 38 °C or 11 °C, compared to the 100% mortality rate in the control group, the 10% ACEW diet group still had 91.7% and 83.3% survival rates, respectively. In a caudal fin amputation test, the fin recovery of zebrafish was increased from 68.4% to 93% with 10% ACEW diet after 3-week regeneration. ACEW effectively down-regulated the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, and up-regulated the gene expression of IL-4/13A. Additionally, the supplement of ACEW in the feed can maintain and prevent the fish’s body weight from dropping too much under enteritis. Taken together, ACEW has beneficial potential in aquaculture.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/18/4213<i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i>zebrafishthermal stress tolerancetissue regeneration abilityanti-inflammation |
| spellingShingle | Chi-Chang Chang Yung-Chuan Lu Chih-Chun Wang Tsui-Ling Ko Jung-Ren Chen Wei Wang Ya-Ling Chen Yu-Wen Wang Tzu-Hsien Chang Hsia-Fen Hsu Jer-Yiing Houng <i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> Extraction Waste Supplementation Promotes Thermal Stress Tolerance and Tissue Regeneration Ability of Zebrafish Molecules <i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> zebrafish thermal stress tolerance tissue regeneration ability anti-inflammation |
| title | <i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> Extraction Waste Supplementation Promotes Thermal Stress Tolerance and Tissue Regeneration Ability of Zebrafish |
| title_full | <i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> Extraction Waste Supplementation Promotes Thermal Stress Tolerance and Tissue Regeneration Ability of Zebrafish |
| title_fullStr | <i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> Extraction Waste Supplementation Promotes Thermal Stress Tolerance and Tissue Regeneration Ability of Zebrafish |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> Extraction Waste Supplementation Promotes Thermal Stress Tolerance and Tissue Regeneration Ability of Zebrafish |
| title_short | <i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> Extraction Waste Supplementation Promotes Thermal Stress Tolerance and Tissue Regeneration Ability of Zebrafish |
| title_sort | i antrodia cinnamomea i extraction waste supplementation promotes thermal stress tolerance and tissue regeneration ability of zebrafish |
| topic | <i>Antrodia cinnamomea</i> zebrafish thermal stress tolerance tissue regeneration ability anti-inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/18/4213 |
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