Mustard Leaf Extract Suppresses Psychological Stress in Chronic Restraint Stress-Subjected Mice by Regulation of Stress Hormone, Neurotransmitters, and Apoptosis
Mustard leaf (<i>Brassica juncea</i> var. <i>crispifolia</i> L. H. <i>Bailey</i>) has been reported to have psychological properties such as anti-depressant activities. However, studies on chronic stress and depression caused by restraint have not been conducted....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/12/3640 |
| _version_ | 1797546590379966464 |
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| author | Kyung-A. Hwang Hye-Jeong Hwang Yu Jin Hwang Young Jun Kim |
| author_facet | Kyung-A. Hwang Hye-Jeong Hwang Yu Jin Hwang Young Jun Kim |
| author_sort | Kyung-A. Hwang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mustard leaf (<i>Brassica juncea</i> var. <i>crispifolia</i> L. H. <i>Bailey</i>) has been reported to have psychological properties such as anti-depressant activities. However, studies on chronic stress and depression caused by restraint have not been conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a mustard leaf (ML) extract on chronic restraint stress (CRS) in mice. Male mice were subjected to a CRS protocol for a period of four weeks to induce stress. The results showed that the ML extract (100 and 500 mg/kg/perorally administered for four weeks) significantly decreased corticosterone levels and increased neurotransmitters levels in stressed mice. Apoptosis by CRS exposure was induced by <i>Bcl-2</i> and <i>Bax</i> expression regulation and was suppressed by reducing <i>caspase-3</i> and <i>poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase</i> expression after treatment with the ML extract. Our results confirmed that apoptosis was regulated by increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (<i>BDNF</i>). Additionally, cytokine levels were regulated by the ML extract. In conclusion, our results showed that the ML extract relieved stress effects by regulating hormones and neurotransmitters in CRS mice, <i>BDNF</i> expression, and apoptosis in the brain. Thus, it can be suggested that the studied ML extract is an agonist that can help relieve stress and depression. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:31:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37ff3cbec6b9409ba21012a00e2fd756 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:31:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-37ff3cbec6b9409ba21012a00e2fd7562023-11-20T22:30:19ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-11-011212364010.3390/nu12123640Mustard Leaf Extract Suppresses Psychological Stress in Chronic Restraint Stress-Subjected Mice by Regulation of Stress Hormone, Neurotransmitters, and ApoptosisKyung-A. Hwang0Hye-Jeong Hwang1Yu Jin Hwang2Young Jun Kim3Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do 55365, KoreaDepartment of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do 55365, KoreaDepartment of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do 55365, KoreaDepartment of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, KoreaMustard leaf (<i>Brassica juncea</i> var. <i>crispifolia</i> L. H. <i>Bailey</i>) has been reported to have psychological properties such as anti-depressant activities. However, studies on chronic stress and depression caused by restraint have not been conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a mustard leaf (ML) extract on chronic restraint stress (CRS) in mice. Male mice were subjected to a CRS protocol for a period of four weeks to induce stress. The results showed that the ML extract (100 and 500 mg/kg/perorally administered for four weeks) significantly decreased corticosterone levels and increased neurotransmitters levels in stressed mice. Apoptosis by CRS exposure was induced by <i>Bcl-2</i> and <i>Bax</i> expression regulation and was suppressed by reducing <i>caspase-3</i> and <i>poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase</i> expression after treatment with the ML extract. Our results confirmed that apoptosis was regulated by increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (<i>BDNF</i>). Additionally, cytokine levels were regulated by the ML extract. In conclusion, our results showed that the ML extract relieved stress effects by regulating hormones and neurotransmitters in CRS mice, <i>BDNF</i> expression, and apoptosis in the brain. Thus, it can be suggested that the studied ML extract is an agonist that can help relieve stress and depression.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/12/3640<i>Brassica juncea</i>mustard leafchronic restraint stressstress hormoneapoptosisdepression |
| spellingShingle | Kyung-A. Hwang Hye-Jeong Hwang Yu Jin Hwang Young Jun Kim Mustard Leaf Extract Suppresses Psychological Stress in Chronic Restraint Stress-Subjected Mice by Regulation of Stress Hormone, Neurotransmitters, and Apoptosis Nutrients <i>Brassica juncea</i> mustard leaf chronic restraint stress stress hormone apoptosis depression |
| title | Mustard Leaf Extract Suppresses Psychological Stress in Chronic Restraint Stress-Subjected Mice by Regulation of Stress Hormone, Neurotransmitters, and Apoptosis |
| title_full | Mustard Leaf Extract Suppresses Psychological Stress in Chronic Restraint Stress-Subjected Mice by Regulation of Stress Hormone, Neurotransmitters, and Apoptosis |
| title_fullStr | Mustard Leaf Extract Suppresses Psychological Stress in Chronic Restraint Stress-Subjected Mice by Regulation of Stress Hormone, Neurotransmitters, and Apoptosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mustard Leaf Extract Suppresses Psychological Stress in Chronic Restraint Stress-Subjected Mice by Regulation of Stress Hormone, Neurotransmitters, and Apoptosis |
| title_short | Mustard Leaf Extract Suppresses Psychological Stress in Chronic Restraint Stress-Subjected Mice by Regulation of Stress Hormone, Neurotransmitters, and Apoptosis |
| title_sort | mustard leaf extract suppresses psychological stress in chronic restraint stress subjected mice by regulation of stress hormone neurotransmitters and apoptosis |
| topic | <i>Brassica juncea</i> mustard leaf chronic restraint stress stress hormone apoptosis depression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/12/3640 |
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