Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect
The anticancer activity of natural compounds has recently attracted multidisciplinary research. In this study, the complexation of milk proteins (MP) with Isabgol husk mucilage (IHM) and <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> mucilage (NabM) was investigated. In this context, the physicochemical...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6372 |
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| author | Ahmed Ali Abd El-Maksoud Amal I. A. Makhlouf Ammar B. Altemimi Ismail H. Abd El-Ghany Amr Nassrallah Francesco Cacciola Tarek Gamal Abedelmaksoud |
| author_facet | Ahmed Ali Abd El-Maksoud Amal I. A. Makhlouf Ammar B. Altemimi Ismail H. Abd El-Ghany Amr Nassrallah Francesco Cacciola Tarek Gamal Abedelmaksoud |
| author_sort | Ahmed Ali Abd El-Maksoud |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The anticancer activity of natural compounds has recently attracted multidisciplinary research. In this study, the complexation of milk proteins (MP) with Isabgol husk mucilage (IHM) and <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> mucilage (NabM) was investigated. In this context, the physicochemical properties of milk protein mucilage complexes (MPMC) including pH, Carr’s index, water solubility, and water absorption indices were measured, and the flow behavior was studied. In addition, the amino acid profile, protein digestibility, and phenolic and flavonoids content of MPMC were explored, and the microstructure of the complexes was visualized using transmission electron microscopy. The antioxidant and anticancer potencies of MPMC against two cancerous cell lines, human liver cancer HEPG-2 and breast cancer MCF-7, in comparison with two normal cell lines, namely, Bj-1 and MCF-12F, were tested using neutral red uptake assay. The results revealed that MPMC had scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, and HS radicals. Moreover, MPMC has the potential to prevent DNA damage induced by oxidative stress in Type-Fenton’s reaction. The results of the neutral red assay showed significant growth inhibition of both HEPG-2, MCF-7, whereas no significant cytotoxic effect was detected against Bj-1 and MCF-12F. RT-qPCR results indicated MPMC stimulated apoptosis as revealed by the upregulation of the pro-apoptosis gene markers Casepase-3, p53, Bax. Meanwhile, the anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 gene was downregulated. However, no significant difference was observed in normal cell lines treated with MPMC. In conclusion, MPMC can be considered as a promising anticancer entity that can be used in the development of novel cancer therapeutics with comparable activity and minimal side effects compared to conventional cancer chemotherapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:55:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-37ff98fe6f2043b2a8e1edf14afd3816 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:55:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-37ff98fe6f2043b2a8e1edf14afd38162023-11-22T21:20:19ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-10-012621637210.3390/molecules26216372Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer EffectAhmed Ali Abd El-Maksoud0Amal I. A. Makhlouf1Ammar B. Altemimi2Ismail H. Abd El-Ghany3Amr Nassrallah4Francesco Cacciola5Tarek Gamal Abedelmaksoud6Dairy Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, EgyptPharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 12411, EgyptFood Science Department, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, IraqDairy Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, EgyptBiochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, EgyptDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyFood Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, EgyptThe anticancer activity of natural compounds has recently attracted multidisciplinary research. In this study, the complexation of milk proteins (MP) with Isabgol husk mucilage (IHM) and <i>Ziziphus spina-christi</i> mucilage (NabM) was investigated. In this context, the physicochemical properties of milk protein mucilage complexes (MPMC) including pH, Carr’s index, water solubility, and water absorption indices were measured, and the flow behavior was studied. In addition, the amino acid profile, protein digestibility, and phenolic and flavonoids content of MPMC were explored, and the microstructure of the complexes was visualized using transmission electron microscopy. The antioxidant and anticancer potencies of MPMC against two cancerous cell lines, human liver cancer HEPG-2 and breast cancer MCF-7, in comparison with two normal cell lines, namely, Bj-1 and MCF-12F, were tested using neutral red uptake assay. The results revealed that MPMC had scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, and HS radicals. Moreover, MPMC has the potential to prevent DNA damage induced by oxidative stress in Type-Fenton’s reaction. The results of the neutral red assay showed significant growth inhibition of both HEPG-2, MCF-7, whereas no significant cytotoxic effect was detected against Bj-1 and MCF-12F. RT-qPCR results indicated MPMC stimulated apoptosis as revealed by the upregulation of the pro-apoptosis gene markers Casepase-3, p53, Bax. Meanwhile, the anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 gene was downregulated. However, no significant difference was observed in normal cell lines treated with MPMC. In conclusion, MPMC can be considered as a promising anticancer entity that can be used in the development of novel cancer therapeutics with comparable activity and minimal side effects compared to conventional cancer chemotherapies.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6372milk proteinsIsabgol husk mucilageNabeq mucilagemilk proteins mucilage complexesanticancer activity |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Ali Abd El-Maksoud Amal I. A. Makhlouf Ammar B. Altemimi Ismail H. Abd El-Ghany Amr Nassrallah Francesco Cacciola Tarek Gamal Abedelmaksoud Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect Molecules milk proteins Isabgol husk mucilage Nabeq mucilage milk proteins mucilage complexes anticancer activity |
| title | Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect |
| title_full | Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect |
| title_fullStr | Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect |
| title_short | Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect |
| title_sort | nano milk protein mucilage complexes characterization and anticancer effect |
| topic | milk proteins Isabgol husk mucilage Nabeq mucilage milk proteins mucilage complexes anticancer activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/21/6372 |
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