Divergent Roles of CNGC2 and CNGC4 in the Regulation of Disease Resistance, Plant Growth and Heat Tolerance in Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGC) 2 and 4 are shown to negatively regulate disease resistance and heat tolerance and to positively regulate plant growth. Whether or not their functions in these processes are interdependent is largely unknown. Here, using the mutation of <i>ph...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2176 |
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| author | Shan Lu Tianquan Zhu Lilin Luo Nana Ouyang Jian Hua Baohong Zou |
| author_facet | Shan Lu Tianquan Zhu Lilin Luo Nana Ouyang Jian Hua Baohong Zou |
| author_sort | Shan Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGC) 2 and 4 are shown to negatively regulate disease resistance and heat tolerance and to positively regulate plant growth. Whether or not their functions in these processes are interdependent is largely unknown. Here, using the mutation of <i>phytoalexin deficient 4</i> (<i>PAD4</i>) to inhibit the enhanced defense response and programmed cell death (PCD), we assessed the contribution of the altered defense response to the heat tolerance and plant growth in the <i>cngc2</i> and <i>cngc4</i> single and double mutants. The <i>pad4</i> mutation reverted the enhanced disease resistance of the <i>cngc2</i> and <i>cngc4</i> mutants at the normal temperature (22 °C) but not at the elevated temperature (28 °C). The <i>pad4</i> mutation slightly alleviated the dwarfism of the <i>cngc2</i> and <i>cngc4</i> mutants at 22 °C but not at 28 °C, indicating a small contribution from the defense response to plant growth regulation. The <i>pad4</i> mutation also reduced the enhanced heat tolerance in the <i>cngc</i> mutants, suggesting an involvement of PCD in heat tolerance. In addition, a higher heat tolerance was correlated with more opened stomata under heat treatment among the wild type and mutants of the <i>PAD4</i>, <i>CNGC2</i> and <i>CNGC4</i> genes. In sum, this study suggests that the regulation of heat tolerance and plant growth by <i>CNGC2</i> and <i>CNGC4</i> is almost independent of their regulation of disease resistance. It also reveals a <i>PAD4</i>-dependent role of <i>CNGC2</i> and <i>CNGC4</i> in stomatal aperture regulation and heat tolerance. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-380459ea67bb432b83588d8ca86115ce2023-11-23T14:38:36ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-09-01129217610.3390/agronomy12092176Divergent Roles of CNGC2 and CNGC4 in the Regulation of Disease Resistance, Plant Growth and Heat Tolerance in ArabidopsisShan Lu0Tianquan Zhu1Lilin Luo2Nana Ouyang3Jian Hua4Baohong Zou5The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaThe State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaPlant Biology Section, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USAThe State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaArabidopsis cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGC) 2 and 4 are shown to negatively regulate disease resistance and heat tolerance and to positively regulate plant growth. Whether or not their functions in these processes are interdependent is largely unknown. Here, using the mutation of <i>phytoalexin deficient 4</i> (<i>PAD4</i>) to inhibit the enhanced defense response and programmed cell death (PCD), we assessed the contribution of the altered defense response to the heat tolerance and plant growth in the <i>cngc2</i> and <i>cngc4</i> single and double mutants. The <i>pad4</i> mutation reverted the enhanced disease resistance of the <i>cngc2</i> and <i>cngc4</i> mutants at the normal temperature (22 °C) but not at the elevated temperature (28 °C). The <i>pad4</i> mutation slightly alleviated the dwarfism of the <i>cngc2</i> and <i>cngc4</i> mutants at 22 °C but not at 28 °C, indicating a small contribution from the defense response to plant growth regulation. The <i>pad4</i> mutation also reduced the enhanced heat tolerance in the <i>cngc</i> mutants, suggesting an involvement of PCD in heat tolerance. In addition, a higher heat tolerance was correlated with more opened stomata under heat treatment among the wild type and mutants of the <i>PAD4</i>, <i>CNGC2</i> and <i>CNGC4</i> genes. In sum, this study suggests that the regulation of heat tolerance and plant growth by <i>CNGC2</i> and <i>CNGC4</i> is almost independent of their regulation of disease resistance. It also reveals a <i>PAD4</i>-dependent role of <i>CNGC2</i> and <i>CNGC4</i> in stomatal aperture regulation and heat tolerance.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2176defensePAD4heat stresselevated temperaturestomataPCD |
| spellingShingle | Shan Lu Tianquan Zhu Lilin Luo Nana Ouyang Jian Hua Baohong Zou Divergent Roles of CNGC2 and CNGC4 in the Regulation of Disease Resistance, Plant Growth and Heat Tolerance in Arabidopsis Agronomy defense PAD4 heat stress elevated temperature stomata PCD |
| title | Divergent Roles of CNGC2 and CNGC4 in the Regulation of Disease Resistance, Plant Growth and Heat Tolerance in Arabidopsis |
| title_full | Divergent Roles of CNGC2 and CNGC4 in the Regulation of Disease Resistance, Plant Growth and Heat Tolerance in Arabidopsis |
| title_fullStr | Divergent Roles of CNGC2 and CNGC4 in the Regulation of Disease Resistance, Plant Growth and Heat Tolerance in Arabidopsis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Divergent Roles of CNGC2 and CNGC4 in the Regulation of Disease Resistance, Plant Growth and Heat Tolerance in Arabidopsis |
| title_short | Divergent Roles of CNGC2 and CNGC4 in the Regulation of Disease Resistance, Plant Growth and Heat Tolerance in Arabidopsis |
| title_sort | divergent roles of cngc2 and cngc4 in the regulation of disease resistance plant growth and heat tolerance in arabidopsis |
| topic | defense PAD4 heat stress elevated temperature stomata PCD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2176 |
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