The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado
Abstract Background The Cerrado is the most biodiverse savanna and maintains other biomes. Aware of its significance, this paper evaluated the Brazilian Cerrado’s climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects using remote sensing data and spatial statistics (correlation analysis and principal c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Ecological Processes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00433-0 |
| _version_ | 1797841133577961472 |
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| author | Washington Luiz Félix Correia Filho José Francisco de Oliveira-Júnior Dimas de Barros Santiago Hazem Ghassan Abdo Hussein Almohamad Ahmed Abdullah Al Dughairi Carlos Antonio da Silva Junior |
| author_facet | Washington Luiz Félix Correia Filho José Francisco de Oliveira-Júnior Dimas de Barros Santiago Hazem Ghassan Abdo Hussein Almohamad Ahmed Abdullah Al Dughairi Carlos Antonio da Silva Junior |
| author_sort | Washington Luiz Félix Correia Filho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The Cerrado is the most biodiverse savanna and maintains other biomes. Aware of its significance, this paper evaluated the Brazilian Cerrado’s climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects using remote sensing data and spatial statistics (correlation analysis and principal components analysis—PCA). Following the measures of sample adequacy (MSA) and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) tests, seventeen variables were evaluated. Results The MSA revealed that the dataset had a good quality (0.76), and nine variables were selected: elevation, evapotranspiration, active fires, Human Development Index (HDI), land use and land cover (LULC; shrubland and cropland/rainfed), rainfall (spring and autumn), and livestock. The correlation matrix indicated a positive (negative) association between HDI and autumn rainfall (HDI and active fires) with a value of 0.77 (− 0.55). The PCA results determined which three principal components (PC) were adequate for extracting spatial patterns, accounting for 68.02% of the total variance with respective values of 38.59%, 16.89%, and 12.5%. Due to economic development and agribusiness, Cerrado’s northern (central, western, and southern) areas had negative (positive) score HDI values, as shown in PC1. Climatic (rainfall—spring and fall) and environmental (cropland/rainfed and shrubland) aspects dominated the PC2, with negative scores in northern and western portions due to the transition zone between Amazon and Cerrado biomes caused by rainfall variability. On the other hand, environmental aspects (LULC-shrubland and elevation) influenced the PC3; areas with high altitudes (> 500 m) received a higher score. Conclusion Agricultural expansion substantially affected LULC, leading to deforestation-caused suppression of native vegetation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:26:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3804cc60ce4444069439f5feed2242bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2192-1709 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:26:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecological Processes |
| spelling | doaj.art-3804cc60ce4444069439f5feed2242bb2023-04-23T11:09:39ZengSpringerOpenEcological Processes2192-17092023-04-0112111210.1186/s13717-023-00433-0The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian CerradoWashington Luiz Félix Correia Filho0José Francisco de Oliveira-Júnior1Dimas de Barros Santiago2Hazem Ghassan Abdo3Hussein Almohamad4Ahmed Abdullah Al Dughairi5Carlos Antonio da Silva Junior6Postgraduate Program in Environmentrics (PPGAmb), Institute of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics (IMEF), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG)Institute of Atmospheric Sciences (ICAT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL)Postgraduate Program in Meteorology, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Atmosféricas (UACA), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG)Geography Department, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Tartous UniversityDepartment of Geography, College of Arabic Language and Social Studies, Qassim UniversityDepartment of Geography, College of Arabic Language and Social Studies, Qassim UniversityDepartamento de Geografia, State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT)Abstract Background The Cerrado is the most biodiverse savanna and maintains other biomes. Aware of its significance, this paper evaluated the Brazilian Cerrado’s climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects using remote sensing data and spatial statistics (correlation analysis and principal components analysis—PCA). Following the measures of sample adequacy (MSA) and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) tests, seventeen variables were evaluated. Results The MSA revealed that the dataset had a good quality (0.76), and nine variables were selected: elevation, evapotranspiration, active fires, Human Development Index (HDI), land use and land cover (LULC; shrubland and cropland/rainfed), rainfall (spring and autumn), and livestock. The correlation matrix indicated a positive (negative) association between HDI and autumn rainfall (HDI and active fires) with a value of 0.77 (− 0.55). The PCA results determined which three principal components (PC) were adequate for extracting spatial patterns, accounting for 68.02% of the total variance with respective values of 38.59%, 16.89%, and 12.5%. Due to economic development and agribusiness, Cerrado’s northern (central, western, and southern) areas had negative (positive) score HDI values, as shown in PC1. Climatic (rainfall—spring and fall) and environmental (cropland/rainfed and shrubland) aspects dominated the PC2, with negative scores in northern and western portions due to the transition zone between Amazon and Cerrado biomes caused by rainfall variability. On the other hand, environmental aspects (LULC-shrubland and elevation) influenced the PC3; areas with high altitudes (> 500 m) received a higher score. Conclusion Agricultural expansion substantially affected LULC, leading to deforestation-caused suppression of native vegetation.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00433-0EnvironmentAgribusinessActive fireHuman Development IndexLand use and land cover |
| spellingShingle | Washington Luiz Félix Correia Filho José Francisco de Oliveira-Júnior Dimas de Barros Santiago Hazem Ghassan Abdo Hussein Almohamad Ahmed Abdullah Al Dughairi Carlos Antonio da Silva Junior The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado Ecological Processes Environment Agribusiness Active fire Human Development Index Land use and land cover |
| title | The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado |
| title_full | The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado |
| title_fullStr | The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado |
| title_full_unstemmed | The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado |
| title_short | The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado |
| title_sort | assessment of climatic environmental and socioeconomic aspects of the brazilian cerrado |
| topic | Environment Agribusiness Active fire Human Development Index Land use and land cover |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00433-0 |
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