Optimizing the grain size and grain boundary morphology of (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramics: Paving the way for ultrahigh energy storage capacitors
Relaxor dielectric ceramic capacitors are very attractive for high-power energy storage. However, the low breakdown strength severely restricts improvements to the energy storage density and practical application. Here, a strategy of designing small grain sizes and abundant amorphous grain boundarie...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materiomics |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352847820305335 |
| _version_ | 1797724965906153472 |
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| author | Xiaozhi Wang Yu Huan Peiyao Zhao Xiaoming Liu Tao Wei Qiwen Zhang Xiaohui Wang |
| author_facet | Xiaozhi Wang Yu Huan Peiyao Zhao Xiaoming Liu Tao Wei Qiwen Zhang Xiaohui Wang |
| author_sort | Xiaozhi Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Relaxor dielectric ceramic capacitors are very attractive for high-power energy storage. However, the low breakdown strength severely restricts improvements to the energy storage density and practical application. Here, a strategy of designing small grain sizes and abundant amorphous grain boundaries is proposed to improve the energy storage properties under the guidance of phase field theory. 0.925(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–0.075Bi(Zn2/3(Ta0.5Nb0.5)1/3)O3 (KNN–BZTN) relaxor ferroelectric ceramic is taken as an example to verify our strategy. The grain sizes and grain boundaries of the KNN–BZTN ceramics are carefully controlled by the high-energy ball milling method and two–step sintering strategy. Impedance analysis and diffusion reflectance spectra demonstrate that KNN–BZTN ceramics with a small grain size and abundant amorphous grain boundary exhibit a lower charge carrier concentration and higher band gap. As a consequence, the breakdown electric field of KNN–BZTN ceramics increases from 222 kV/cm to 317 kV/cm when the grain size is decreased from 410 nm to 200 nm, accompanied by a slightly degraded maximum polarization. KNN–BZTN ceramics with an average grain size of ∼250 nm and abundant amorphous grain boundaries exhibit optimum energy storage properties with a high recoverable energy density of 4.02 J/cm3 and a high energy efficiency of 87.4%. This successful local structural design opens up a new paradigm to improve the energy storage performance of other dielectric ceramic capacitors for electrical energy storage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T10:24:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3810c8bf31ad4f5bb81a104f60f79516 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-8478 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T10:24:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materiomics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3810c8bf31ad4f5bb81a104f60f795162023-09-02T09:50:32ZengElsevierJournal of Materiomics2352-84782021-07-0174780789Optimizing the grain size and grain boundary morphology of (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramics: Paving the way for ultrahigh energy storage capacitorsXiaozhi Wang0Yu Huan1Peiyao Zhao2Xiaoming Liu3Tao Wei4Qiwen Zhang5Xiaohui Wang6School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, ChinaSchool of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China; Corresponding author.State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, ChinaKey Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; Corresponding author.School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, ChinaThe Chinese Ceramic Society, Beijing, 100831, ChinaState Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, ChinaRelaxor dielectric ceramic capacitors are very attractive for high-power energy storage. However, the low breakdown strength severely restricts improvements to the energy storage density and practical application. Here, a strategy of designing small grain sizes and abundant amorphous grain boundaries is proposed to improve the energy storage properties under the guidance of phase field theory. 0.925(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–0.075Bi(Zn2/3(Ta0.5Nb0.5)1/3)O3 (KNN–BZTN) relaxor ferroelectric ceramic is taken as an example to verify our strategy. The grain sizes and grain boundaries of the KNN–BZTN ceramics are carefully controlled by the high-energy ball milling method and two–step sintering strategy. Impedance analysis and diffusion reflectance spectra demonstrate that KNN–BZTN ceramics with a small grain size and abundant amorphous grain boundary exhibit a lower charge carrier concentration and higher band gap. As a consequence, the breakdown electric field of KNN–BZTN ceramics increases from 222 kV/cm to 317 kV/cm when the grain size is decreased from 410 nm to 200 nm, accompanied by a slightly degraded maximum polarization. KNN–BZTN ceramics with an average grain size of ∼250 nm and abundant amorphous grain boundaries exhibit optimum energy storage properties with a high recoverable energy density of 4.02 J/cm3 and a high energy efficiency of 87.4%. This successful local structural design opens up a new paradigm to improve the energy storage performance of other dielectric ceramic capacitors for electrical energy storage.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352847820305335Grain sizeGrain boundaryKNN-based dielectric ceramic capacitorsEnergy storage propertiesBreakdown strengthTwo-step sintering strategy |
| spellingShingle | Xiaozhi Wang Yu Huan Peiyao Zhao Xiaoming Liu Tao Wei Qiwen Zhang Xiaohui Wang Optimizing the grain size and grain boundary morphology of (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramics: Paving the way for ultrahigh energy storage capacitors Journal of Materiomics Grain size Grain boundary KNN-based dielectric ceramic capacitors Energy storage properties Breakdown strength Two-step sintering strategy |
| title | Optimizing the grain size and grain boundary morphology of (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramics: Paving the way for ultrahigh energy storage capacitors |
| title_full | Optimizing the grain size and grain boundary morphology of (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramics: Paving the way for ultrahigh energy storage capacitors |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing the grain size and grain boundary morphology of (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramics: Paving the way for ultrahigh energy storage capacitors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing the grain size and grain boundary morphology of (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramics: Paving the way for ultrahigh energy storage capacitors |
| title_short | Optimizing the grain size and grain boundary morphology of (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramics: Paving the way for ultrahigh energy storage capacitors |
| title_sort | optimizing the grain size and grain boundary morphology of k na nbo3 based ceramics paving the way for ultrahigh energy storage capacitors |
| topic | Grain size Grain boundary KNN-based dielectric ceramic capacitors Energy storage properties Breakdown strength Two-step sintering strategy |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352847820305335 |
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