Oxidative Stress Response and <i>E. coli</i> Biofilm Formation under the Effect of Pristine and Modified Carbon Nanotubes
The article investigates the expression of <i>oxyR</i> and <i>soxS</i> oxidative stress genes in <i>E. coli</i> under the effect of pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), MWCNTs and SWCNTs functionaliz...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/5/1221 |
| _version_ | 1797598976420085760 |
|---|---|
| author | Yuliya Maksimova Anastasiya Zorina Larisa Nesterova |
| author_facet | Yuliya Maksimova Anastasiya Zorina Larisa Nesterova |
| author_sort | Yuliya Maksimova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The article investigates the expression of <i>oxyR</i> and <i>soxS</i> oxidative stress genes in <i>E. coli</i> under the effect of pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), MWCNTs and SWCNTs functionalized with carboxyl groups (MWCNTs-COOH and SWCNTs-COOH, respectively), SWCNTs functionalized with amino groups (SWCNTs-NH<sub>2</sub>) and SWCNTs functionalized with octadecylamine (SWCNTs-ODA). Significant differences were found in the expression of the <i>soxS</i> gene, while no changes were observed in the expression level of the <i>oxyR</i> gene. The pro-oxidant effect of SWCNTs, SWCNTs-COOH, SWCNTs-NH<sub>2</sub>, and SWCNTs-ODA is presented, and the contrary antioxidant effect of pristine MWCNTs and MWCNTs-COOH in the presence of methyl viologen hydrate (paraquat) is shown. The article shows that SWCNTs-COOH, SWCNTs-NH<sub>2</sub>, and SWCNTs-ODA added to the medium generate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cells. SWCNTs-COOH intensified the <i>E. coli</i> biofilm formation, and the biofilm biomass exceeded the control by 25 times. Additionally, it is shown that the <i>rpoS</i> expression increased in response to MWCNTs-COOH and SWCNTs-COOH, and the effect of SWCNTs-COOH was more significant. SWCNTs-COOH and SWCNTs-NH<sub>2</sub> initiated an increase in ATP concentration in the planktonic cells and a decrease in the biofilm cells. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) method showed that the volume of <i>E. coli</i> planktonic cells after the exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) decreased compared to that without exposure, mainly due to a decrease in cell height. The absence of a strong damaging effect of functionalized SWCNTs on <i>E. coli</i> K12 cells, both in suspension and in biofilms, is shown. Contact with functionalized SWCNTs initiated the aggregation of the polymeric substances of the biofilms; however, the cells did not lyse. Among the studied CNTs, SWCNTs-COOH caused an increased expression of the <i>soxS</i> and <i>rpoS</i>, the formation of ROS, and stimulation of the biofilm formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:28:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3816dfd3aa5841519714053d3fa7eec8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:28:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-3816dfd3aa5841519714053d3fa7eec82023-11-18T02:33:35ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-05-01115122110.3390/microorganisms11051221Oxidative Stress Response and <i>E. coli</i> Biofilm Formation under the Effect of Pristine and Modified Carbon NanotubesYuliya Maksimova0Anastasiya Zorina1Larisa Nesterova2Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, 614081 Perm, RussiaLaboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, 614081 Perm, RussiaLaboratory of Adaptation of Microorganisms, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, 614081 Perm, RussiaThe article investigates the expression of <i>oxyR</i> and <i>soxS</i> oxidative stress genes in <i>E. coli</i> under the effect of pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), MWCNTs and SWCNTs functionalized with carboxyl groups (MWCNTs-COOH and SWCNTs-COOH, respectively), SWCNTs functionalized with amino groups (SWCNTs-NH<sub>2</sub>) and SWCNTs functionalized with octadecylamine (SWCNTs-ODA). Significant differences were found in the expression of the <i>soxS</i> gene, while no changes were observed in the expression level of the <i>oxyR</i> gene. The pro-oxidant effect of SWCNTs, SWCNTs-COOH, SWCNTs-NH<sub>2</sub>, and SWCNTs-ODA is presented, and the contrary antioxidant effect of pristine MWCNTs and MWCNTs-COOH in the presence of methyl viologen hydrate (paraquat) is shown. The article shows that SWCNTs-COOH, SWCNTs-NH<sub>2</sub>, and SWCNTs-ODA added to the medium generate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial cells. SWCNTs-COOH intensified the <i>E. coli</i> biofilm formation, and the biofilm biomass exceeded the control by 25 times. Additionally, it is shown that the <i>rpoS</i> expression increased in response to MWCNTs-COOH and SWCNTs-COOH, and the effect of SWCNTs-COOH was more significant. SWCNTs-COOH and SWCNTs-NH<sub>2</sub> initiated an increase in ATP concentration in the planktonic cells and a decrease in the biofilm cells. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) method showed that the volume of <i>E. coli</i> planktonic cells after the exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) decreased compared to that without exposure, mainly due to a decrease in cell height. The absence of a strong damaging effect of functionalized SWCNTs on <i>E. coli</i> K12 cells, both in suspension and in biofilms, is shown. Contact with functionalized SWCNTs initiated the aggregation of the polymeric substances of the biofilms; however, the cells did not lyse. Among the studied CNTs, SWCNTs-COOH caused an increased expression of the <i>soxS</i> and <i>rpoS</i>, the formation of ROS, and stimulation of the biofilm formation.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/5/1221carbon nanotubesoxidative stressreactive oxygen speciesbiofilmsextracellular polymeric substances |
| spellingShingle | Yuliya Maksimova Anastasiya Zorina Larisa Nesterova Oxidative Stress Response and <i>E. coli</i> Biofilm Formation under the Effect of Pristine and Modified Carbon Nanotubes Microorganisms carbon nanotubes oxidative stress reactive oxygen species biofilms extracellular polymeric substances |
| title | Oxidative Stress Response and <i>E. coli</i> Biofilm Formation under the Effect of Pristine and Modified Carbon Nanotubes |
| title_full | Oxidative Stress Response and <i>E. coli</i> Biofilm Formation under the Effect of Pristine and Modified Carbon Nanotubes |
| title_fullStr | Oxidative Stress Response and <i>E. coli</i> Biofilm Formation under the Effect of Pristine and Modified Carbon Nanotubes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative Stress Response and <i>E. coli</i> Biofilm Formation under the Effect of Pristine and Modified Carbon Nanotubes |
| title_short | Oxidative Stress Response and <i>E. coli</i> Biofilm Formation under the Effect of Pristine and Modified Carbon Nanotubes |
| title_sort | oxidative stress response and i e coli i biofilm formation under the effect of pristine and modified carbon nanotubes |
| topic | carbon nanotubes oxidative stress reactive oxygen species biofilms extracellular polymeric substances |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/5/1221 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yuliyamaksimova oxidativestressresponseandiecoliibiofilmformationundertheeffectofpristineandmodifiedcarbonnanotubes AT anastasiyazorina oxidativestressresponseandiecoliibiofilmformationundertheeffectofpristineandmodifiedcarbonnanotubes AT larisanesterova oxidativestressresponseandiecoliibiofilmformationundertheeffectofpristineandmodifiedcarbonnanotubes |