The Use of Public Data from Low-Cost Sensors for the Geospatial Analysis of Air Pollution from Solid Fuel Heating during the COVID-19 Pandemic Spring Period in Krakow, Poland
In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the public data provided by low-cost sensors (LCS), which were used for spatial and temporal studies of air quality in Krakow. A PM (particulate matter) dataset was obtained in spring in 2021, during which a fairly strict lockdown was in force as a re...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-07-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5208 |
| _version_ | 1797411213881114624 |
|---|---|
| author | Tomasz Danek Mateusz Zaręba |
| author_facet | Tomasz Danek Mateusz Zaręba |
| author_sort | Tomasz Danek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the public data provided by low-cost sensors (LCS), which were used for spatial and temporal studies of air quality in Krakow. A PM (particulate matter) dataset was obtained in spring in 2021, during which a fairly strict lockdown was in force as a result of COVID-19. Therefore, we were able to separate the effect of solid fuel heating from other sources of background pollution, mainly caused by urban transport. Moreover, we analyzed the historical data of PM2.5 from 2010 to 2019 to show the effect of grassroots efforts and pro-clean-air legislation changes in Krakow. We designed a unique workflow with a time-spatial analysis of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, and temperature data from Airly(c) sensors located in Krakow and its surroundings. Using geostatistical methods, we showed that Krakow’s neighboring cities are the main sources of air pollution from solid fuel heating in the city. Additionally, we showed that the changes in the law in Krakow significantly reduced the PM concentration as compared to neighboring municipalities without a fossil fuel prohibition law. Moreover, our research demonstrates that informative campaigns and education are important initiating factors in order to bring about cleaner air in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:41:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-38170b67553b42ec868420874ff61934 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:41:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-38170b67553b42ec868420874ff619342023-12-03T13:19:16ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-07-012115520810.3390/s21155208The Use of Public Data from Low-Cost Sensors for the Geospatial Analysis of Air Pollution from Solid Fuel Heating during the COVID-19 Pandemic Spring Period in Krakow, PolandTomasz Danek0Mateusz Zaręba1Department of Geoinformatics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Geoinformatics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, PolandIn this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the public data provided by low-cost sensors (LCS), which were used for spatial and temporal studies of air quality in Krakow. A PM (particulate matter) dataset was obtained in spring in 2021, during which a fairly strict lockdown was in force as a result of COVID-19. Therefore, we were able to separate the effect of solid fuel heating from other sources of background pollution, mainly caused by urban transport. Moreover, we analyzed the historical data of PM2.5 from 2010 to 2019 to show the effect of grassroots efforts and pro-clean-air legislation changes in Krakow. We designed a unique workflow with a time-spatial analysis of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, and temperature data from Airly(c) sensors located in Krakow and its surroundings. Using geostatistical methods, we showed that Krakow’s neighboring cities are the main sources of air pollution from solid fuel heating in the city. Additionally, we showed that the changes in the law in Krakow significantly reduced the PM concentration as compared to neighboring municipalities without a fossil fuel prohibition law. Moreover, our research demonstrates that informative campaigns and education are important initiating factors in order to bring about cleaner air in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5208air pollution measurementsair quality monitoringLCSparticulate matterair quality in Krakowanthropogenic emission |
| spellingShingle | Tomasz Danek Mateusz Zaręba The Use of Public Data from Low-Cost Sensors for the Geospatial Analysis of Air Pollution from Solid Fuel Heating during the COVID-19 Pandemic Spring Period in Krakow, Poland Sensors air pollution measurements air quality monitoring LCS particulate matter air quality in Krakow anthropogenic emission |
| title | The Use of Public Data from Low-Cost Sensors for the Geospatial Analysis of Air Pollution from Solid Fuel Heating during the COVID-19 Pandemic Spring Period in Krakow, Poland |
| title_full | The Use of Public Data from Low-Cost Sensors for the Geospatial Analysis of Air Pollution from Solid Fuel Heating during the COVID-19 Pandemic Spring Period in Krakow, Poland |
| title_fullStr | The Use of Public Data from Low-Cost Sensors for the Geospatial Analysis of Air Pollution from Solid Fuel Heating during the COVID-19 Pandemic Spring Period in Krakow, Poland |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Use of Public Data from Low-Cost Sensors for the Geospatial Analysis of Air Pollution from Solid Fuel Heating during the COVID-19 Pandemic Spring Period in Krakow, Poland |
| title_short | The Use of Public Data from Low-Cost Sensors for the Geospatial Analysis of Air Pollution from Solid Fuel Heating during the COVID-19 Pandemic Spring Period in Krakow, Poland |
| title_sort | use of public data from low cost sensors for the geospatial analysis of air pollution from solid fuel heating during the covid 19 pandemic spring period in krakow poland |
| topic | air pollution measurements air quality monitoring LCS particulate matter air quality in Krakow anthropogenic emission |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5208 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tomaszdanek theuseofpublicdatafromlowcostsensorsforthegeospatialanalysisofairpollutionfromsolidfuelheatingduringthecovid19pandemicspringperiodinkrakowpoland AT mateuszzareba theuseofpublicdatafromlowcostsensorsforthegeospatialanalysisofairpollutionfromsolidfuelheatingduringthecovid19pandemicspringperiodinkrakowpoland AT tomaszdanek useofpublicdatafromlowcostsensorsforthegeospatialanalysisofairpollutionfromsolidfuelheatingduringthecovid19pandemicspringperiodinkrakowpoland AT mateuszzareba useofpublicdatafromlowcostsensorsforthegeospatialanalysisofairpollutionfromsolidfuelheatingduringthecovid19pandemicspringperiodinkrakowpoland |