Influence of Insect Growth Regulators on <i>Stephanitis pyrioides</i> (Hemiptera: Tingidae) Eggs and Nymphs
The azalea lace bug, <i>Stephanitis pyrioides</i> (Scott) (Hemiptera: Tingidae), is an important insect pest of azaleas (<i>Rhododendron</i> L. spp.) in the USA. <i>Stephanitis pyrioides</i> feeds on azalea foliage and causes extensive chlorosis, which reduces the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/7/189 |
| _version_ | 1818178930793775104 |
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| author | Shimat V. Joseph |
| author_facet | Shimat V. Joseph |
| author_sort | Shimat V. Joseph |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The azalea lace bug, <i>Stephanitis pyrioides</i> (Scott) (Hemiptera: Tingidae), is an important insect pest of azaleas (<i>Rhododendron</i> L. spp.) in the USA. <i>Stephanitis pyrioides</i> feeds on azalea foliage and causes extensive chlorosis, which reduces the aesthetic value and marketability of these plants. Because the use of neonicotinoid insecticides has been dramatically reduced or discontinued, growers and landscape managers are seeking alternative tools or strategies to control this insect. Although insect growth regulators (IGRs) are known for their activity against immature insect stages, their activity against egg hatching has not been addressed thoroughly, specifically against <i>S. pyrioides</i>. Thus, a series of experiments was conducted to understand the ovicidal activity of IGRs using novaluron, azadirachtin, pyriproxyfen, and buprofezin against <i>S. pyrioides</i>. The number of newly emerged young instars was significantly lower when leaves implanted with eggs were sprayed on both sides with novaluron, azadirachtin, and buprofezin compared to nontreated and pyriproxyfen treatments. When IGRs plus adjuvant were applied to the adaxial surface of the leaves, the densities of the newly emerged nymphs were significantly lower under the novaluron treatment compared to the nontreated leaves. However, there was no significant difference in the number of nymphs that emerged in the absence of adjuvant. Furthermore, close monitoring revealed reduced levels of egg hatching in the presence of adjuvant with novaluron compared to its absence. The data show that the survival of <i>S. pyrioides</i> first instars was not affected by exposure to dried IGR residues. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T20:55:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-381eeb1b4b6c488b94230ade995514a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T20:55:48Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-381eeb1b4b6c488b94230ade995514a72022-12-22T00:51:06ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502019-06-0110718910.3390/insects10070189insects10070189Influence of Insect Growth Regulators on <i>Stephanitis pyrioides</i> (Hemiptera: Tingidae) Eggs and NymphsShimat V. Joseph0Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, UGA Griffin Campus, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin GA 30223, USAThe azalea lace bug, <i>Stephanitis pyrioides</i> (Scott) (Hemiptera: Tingidae), is an important insect pest of azaleas (<i>Rhododendron</i> L. spp.) in the USA. <i>Stephanitis pyrioides</i> feeds on azalea foliage and causes extensive chlorosis, which reduces the aesthetic value and marketability of these plants. Because the use of neonicotinoid insecticides has been dramatically reduced or discontinued, growers and landscape managers are seeking alternative tools or strategies to control this insect. Although insect growth regulators (IGRs) are known for their activity against immature insect stages, their activity against egg hatching has not been addressed thoroughly, specifically against <i>S. pyrioides</i>. Thus, a series of experiments was conducted to understand the ovicidal activity of IGRs using novaluron, azadirachtin, pyriproxyfen, and buprofezin against <i>S. pyrioides</i>. The number of newly emerged young instars was significantly lower when leaves implanted with eggs were sprayed on both sides with novaluron, azadirachtin, and buprofezin compared to nontreated and pyriproxyfen treatments. When IGRs plus adjuvant were applied to the adaxial surface of the leaves, the densities of the newly emerged nymphs were significantly lower under the novaluron treatment compared to the nontreated leaves. However, there was no significant difference in the number of nymphs that emerged in the absence of adjuvant. Furthermore, close monitoring revealed reduced levels of egg hatching in the presence of adjuvant with novaluron compared to its absence. The data show that the survival of <i>S. pyrioides</i> first instars was not affected by exposure to dried IGR residues.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/7/189insect growth regulatornovaluronazalea lace bugazaleaovicide |
| spellingShingle | Shimat V. Joseph Influence of Insect Growth Regulators on <i>Stephanitis pyrioides</i> (Hemiptera: Tingidae) Eggs and Nymphs Insects insect growth regulator novaluron azalea lace bug azalea ovicide |
| title | Influence of Insect Growth Regulators on <i>Stephanitis pyrioides</i> (Hemiptera: Tingidae) Eggs and Nymphs |
| title_full | Influence of Insect Growth Regulators on <i>Stephanitis pyrioides</i> (Hemiptera: Tingidae) Eggs and Nymphs |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Insect Growth Regulators on <i>Stephanitis pyrioides</i> (Hemiptera: Tingidae) Eggs and Nymphs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Insect Growth Regulators on <i>Stephanitis pyrioides</i> (Hemiptera: Tingidae) Eggs and Nymphs |
| title_short | Influence of Insect Growth Regulators on <i>Stephanitis pyrioides</i> (Hemiptera: Tingidae) Eggs and Nymphs |
| title_sort | influence of insect growth regulators on i stephanitis pyrioides i hemiptera tingidae eggs and nymphs |
| topic | insect growth regulator novaluron azalea lace bug azalea ovicide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/7/189 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shimatvjoseph influenceofinsectgrowthregulatorsonistephanitispyrioidesihemipteratingidaeeggsandnymphs |