Impact of Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge on In Situ QAM-Based Power Line Communication
Power line communication within a lithium-ion battery allows for high fidelity sensor data to be transferred between sensor nodes of each instrumented cell within the battery pack to an external battery management system. In this paper, the changing characteristics of the lithium-ion cell at various...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6144 |
| _version_ | 1827625439407898624 |
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| author | Mahyar J. Koshkouei Erik Kampert Andrew D. Moore Matthew D. Higgins |
| author_facet | Mahyar J. Koshkouei Erik Kampert Andrew D. Moore Matthew D. Higgins |
| author_sort | Mahyar J. Koshkouei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Power line communication within a lithium-ion battery allows for high fidelity sensor data to be transferred between sensor nodes of each instrumented cell within the battery pack to an external battery management system. In this paper, the changing characteristics of the lithium-ion cell at various states of charge are measured, analysed, and compared to understand their effectiveness on the communication channel of a power line communication system for carrier frequencies of 10 MHz to 6 GHz. Moreover, the use of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is investigated to determine its effectiveness as a state-of-the-art modulation method for the same carrier frequency range. The overall results indicate that certain carrier frequencies and QAM orders may not be suitable for the in situ battery pack power line communication due to changes in battery impedance with certain lithium-ion cell states of charge, which cause an increase in error vector magnitude, bit error ratio, and symbol error ratio. Recommendations and trends on the impact of these changing characteristics based upon empirical results are also presented in this paper. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:36:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-381f504c3706463bba84a2fea9fc3c70 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:36:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-381f504c3706463bba84a2fea9fc3c702023-11-30T22:23:17ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-08-012216614410.3390/s22166144Impact of Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge on In Situ QAM-Based Power Line CommunicationMahyar J. Koshkouei0Erik Kampert1Andrew D. Moore2Matthew D. Higgins3National Automotive Innovation Centre, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKNational Automotive Innovation Centre, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKNational Automotive Innovation Centre, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKNational Automotive Innovation Centre, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKPower line communication within a lithium-ion battery allows for high fidelity sensor data to be transferred between sensor nodes of each instrumented cell within the battery pack to an external battery management system. In this paper, the changing characteristics of the lithium-ion cell at various states of charge are measured, analysed, and compared to understand their effectiveness on the communication channel of a power line communication system for carrier frequencies of 10 MHz to 6 GHz. Moreover, the use of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is investigated to determine its effectiveness as a state-of-the-art modulation method for the same carrier frequency range. The overall results indicate that certain carrier frequencies and QAM orders may not be suitable for the in situ battery pack power line communication due to changes in battery impedance with certain lithium-ion cell states of charge, which cause an increase in error vector magnitude, bit error ratio, and symbol error ratio. Recommendations and trends on the impact of these changing characteristics based upon empirical results are also presented in this paper.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6144power line communicationstate of chargequadrature amplitude modulationimpedancescattering parameterserror vector magnitude |
| spellingShingle | Mahyar J. Koshkouei Erik Kampert Andrew D. Moore Matthew D. Higgins Impact of Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge on In Situ QAM-Based Power Line Communication Sensors power line communication state of charge quadrature amplitude modulation impedance scattering parameters error vector magnitude |
| title | Impact of Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge on In Situ QAM-Based Power Line Communication |
| title_full | Impact of Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge on In Situ QAM-Based Power Line Communication |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge on In Situ QAM-Based Power Line Communication |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge on In Situ QAM-Based Power Line Communication |
| title_short | Impact of Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge on In Situ QAM-Based Power Line Communication |
| title_sort | impact of lithium ion battery state of charge on in situ qam based power line communication |
| topic | power line communication state of charge quadrature amplitude modulation impedance scattering parameters error vector magnitude |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/6144 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mahyarjkoshkouei impactoflithiumionbatterystateofchargeoninsituqambasedpowerlinecommunication AT erikkampert impactoflithiumionbatterystateofchargeoninsituqambasedpowerlinecommunication AT andrewdmoore impactoflithiumionbatterystateofchargeoninsituqambasedpowerlinecommunication AT matthewdhiggins impactoflithiumionbatterystateofchargeoninsituqambasedpowerlinecommunication |