Antenatal and Postnatal Sequelae of Oxidative Stress in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review Targeting Pathophysiological Mechanisms
The detrimental effects of oxidative stress (OS) can start as early as after conception. A growing body of evidence has shown the pivotal role of OS in the development of several pathological conditions during the neonatal period, which have been therefore defined as OS-related neonatal diseases. Du...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/2/422 |
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| author | Silvia Martini Arianna Aceti Anna Nunzia Della Gatta Isadora Beghetti Concetta Marsico Gianluigi Pilu Luigi Corvaglia |
| author_facet | Silvia Martini Arianna Aceti Anna Nunzia Della Gatta Isadora Beghetti Concetta Marsico Gianluigi Pilu Luigi Corvaglia |
| author_sort | Silvia Martini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The detrimental effects of oxidative stress (OS) can start as early as after conception. A growing body of evidence has shown the pivotal role of OS in the development of several pathological conditions during the neonatal period, which have been therefore defined as OS-related neonatal diseases. Due to the physiological immaturity of their antioxidant defenses and to the enhanced antenatal and postnatal exposure to free radicals, preterm infants are particularly susceptible to oxidative damage, and several pathophysiological cascades involved in the development of prematurity-related complications are tightly related to OS. This narrative review aims to provide a detailed overview of the OS-related pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the main OS-related diseases during pregnancy and in the early postnatal period in the preterm population. Particularly, focus has been placed on pregnancy disorders typically associated with iatrogenic or spontaneous preterm birth, such as intrauterine growth restriction, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, chorioamnionitis, and on specific postnatal complications for which the role of OS has been largely ascertained (e.g., respiratory distress, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, neonatal sepsis). Knowledge of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may increase awareness on potential strategies aimed at preventing the development of these conditions or at reducing the ensuing clinical burden. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:13:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-381fcc5df62a43da9b7278e1f4b54db3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:13:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-381fcc5df62a43da9b7278e1f4b54db32023-11-16T18:47:58ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212023-02-0112242210.3390/antiox12020422Antenatal and Postnatal Sequelae of Oxidative Stress in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review Targeting Pathophysiological MechanismsSilvia Martini0Arianna Aceti1Anna Nunzia Della Gatta2Isadora Beghetti3Concetta Marsico4Gianluigi Pilu5Luigi Corvaglia6Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS AOU S. Orsola, 40138 Bologna, ItalyNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS AOU S. Orsola, 40138 Bologna, ItalyNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS AOU S. Orsola, 40138 Bologna, ItalyNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS AOU S. Orsola, 40138 Bologna, ItalyNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS AOU S. Orsola, 40138 Bologna, ItalyNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS AOU S. Orsola, 40138 Bologna, ItalyNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS AOU S. Orsola, 40138 Bologna, ItalyThe detrimental effects of oxidative stress (OS) can start as early as after conception. A growing body of evidence has shown the pivotal role of OS in the development of several pathological conditions during the neonatal period, which have been therefore defined as OS-related neonatal diseases. Due to the physiological immaturity of their antioxidant defenses and to the enhanced antenatal and postnatal exposure to free radicals, preterm infants are particularly susceptible to oxidative damage, and several pathophysiological cascades involved in the development of prematurity-related complications are tightly related to OS. This narrative review aims to provide a detailed overview of the OS-related pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the main OS-related diseases during pregnancy and in the early postnatal period in the preterm population. Particularly, focus has been placed on pregnancy disorders typically associated with iatrogenic or spontaneous preterm birth, such as intrauterine growth restriction, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, chorioamnionitis, and on specific postnatal complications for which the role of OS has been largely ascertained (e.g., respiratory distress, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, neonatal sepsis). Knowledge of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may increase awareness on potential strategies aimed at preventing the development of these conditions or at reducing the ensuing clinical burden.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/2/422oxidative stresspre-eclampsiagestational diabetespreterm birthchorioamnionitiswhite matter injury |
| spellingShingle | Silvia Martini Arianna Aceti Anna Nunzia Della Gatta Isadora Beghetti Concetta Marsico Gianluigi Pilu Luigi Corvaglia Antenatal and Postnatal Sequelae of Oxidative Stress in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review Targeting Pathophysiological Mechanisms Antioxidants oxidative stress pre-eclampsia gestational diabetes preterm birth chorioamnionitis white matter injury |
| title | Antenatal and Postnatal Sequelae of Oxidative Stress in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review Targeting Pathophysiological Mechanisms |
| title_full | Antenatal and Postnatal Sequelae of Oxidative Stress in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review Targeting Pathophysiological Mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Antenatal and Postnatal Sequelae of Oxidative Stress in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review Targeting Pathophysiological Mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antenatal and Postnatal Sequelae of Oxidative Stress in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review Targeting Pathophysiological Mechanisms |
| title_short | Antenatal and Postnatal Sequelae of Oxidative Stress in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review Targeting Pathophysiological Mechanisms |
| title_sort | antenatal and postnatal sequelae of oxidative stress in preterm infants a narrative review targeting pathophysiological mechanisms |
| topic | oxidative stress pre-eclampsia gestational diabetes preterm birth chorioamnionitis white matter injury |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/2/422 |
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