Selection for small body size favours contrasting sex-specific life histories, boldness and feeding in medaka, Oryzias latipes
Abstract Background Studying variation in life-history traits and correlated behaviours, such as boldness and foraging (i.e., pace-of-life syndrome), allows us to better understand how these traits evolve in a changing environment. In fish, it is particularly relevant studying the interplay of resou...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-06-01
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| Series: | BMC Evolutionary Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12862-019-1460-x |
| _version_ | 1830178811875950592 |
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| author | Beatriz Diaz Pauli Sarah Garric Charlotte Evangelista L. Asbjørn Vøllestad Eric Edeline |
| author_facet | Beatriz Diaz Pauli Sarah Garric Charlotte Evangelista L. Asbjørn Vøllestad Eric Edeline |
| author_sort | Beatriz Diaz Pauli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Studying variation in life-history traits and correlated behaviours, such as boldness and foraging (i.e., pace-of-life syndrome), allows us to better understand how these traits evolve in a changing environment. In fish, it is particularly relevant studying the interplay of resource abundance and size-selection. These are two environmental stressors affecting fish in natural conditions, but also associated with human-induced environmental change. For instance, fishing, one of the most important threats for freshwater and marine populations, results in both higher mortality on large-sized fish and reduced population density. Results Medaka, Oryzias latipes, from lines selected for large or small size over ten generations, were exposed individually to high or low food availability from birth to adulthood. Maturation schedules, reproductive investment, growth, boldness and feeding were assessed to evaluate the effect of size-selection on the pace of life, and whether it differed between food contexts (high and low). Different food abundance and size-selection resulted in diverse life histories associated with different feeding and boldness behaviour, thus showing different pace-of-life-syndromes. High availability of food favoured faster growth, earlier maturation and increased shyness. Selection for small size led to slower growth in both males and females. But, the life-history trajectory to reach such growth was sex- and food-specific. Under low food conditions, females selected for small size showed earlier maturation, which led to slower adult growth and subsequent low willingness to feed, compared to females selected for large size. No line differences were found in females at high food conditions. In contrast, males exposed to selection for small size grew slower both as juvenile and adult, and were bolder under both feeding regimes. Therefore, the response to size-selection was more sensitive to food availability in females than in males. Conclusions We showed that size-selection (over ten generations) and resource abundance (over developmental time) led to changes in life history and behaviour. However, the effect of size-selection was sex- and context-specific, calling for precaution when drawing general conclusions on the population-level effects (or lack of them) of size-selective fishing. Conservation and management plans should consider this sex- and context-specificity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T19:49:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-38324e74059f4c00a60397791581a82d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T19:49:03Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Evolutionary Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-38324e74059f4c00a60397791581a82d2022-12-21T21:34:47ZengBMCBMC Evolutionary Biology1471-21482019-06-0119111210.1186/s12862-019-1460-xSelection for small body size favours contrasting sex-specific life histories, boldness and feeding in medaka, Oryzias latipesBeatriz Diaz Pauli0Sarah Garric1Charlotte Evangelista2L. Asbjørn Vøllestad3Eric Edeline4Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of OsloInstitut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, UPEC, CNRS, INRA, IRDDepartment of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of OsloDepartment of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of OsloInstitut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, UPEC, CNRS, INRA, IRDAbstract Background Studying variation in life-history traits and correlated behaviours, such as boldness and foraging (i.e., pace-of-life syndrome), allows us to better understand how these traits evolve in a changing environment. In fish, it is particularly relevant studying the interplay of resource abundance and size-selection. These are two environmental stressors affecting fish in natural conditions, but also associated with human-induced environmental change. For instance, fishing, one of the most important threats for freshwater and marine populations, results in both higher mortality on large-sized fish and reduced population density. Results Medaka, Oryzias latipes, from lines selected for large or small size over ten generations, were exposed individually to high or low food availability from birth to adulthood. Maturation schedules, reproductive investment, growth, boldness and feeding were assessed to evaluate the effect of size-selection on the pace of life, and whether it differed between food contexts (high and low). Different food abundance and size-selection resulted in diverse life histories associated with different feeding and boldness behaviour, thus showing different pace-of-life-syndromes. High availability of food favoured faster growth, earlier maturation and increased shyness. Selection for small size led to slower growth in both males and females. But, the life-history trajectory to reach such growth was sex- and food-specific. Under low food conditions, females selected for small size showed earlier maturation, which led to slower adult growth and subsequent low willingness to feed, compared to females selected for large size. No line differences were found in females at high food conditions. In contrast, males exposed to selection for small size grew slower both as juvenile and adult, and were bolder under both feeding regimes. Therefore, the response to size-selection was more sensitive to food availability in females than in males. Conclusions We showed that size-selection (over ten generations) and resource abundance (over developmental time) led to changes in life history and behaviour. However, the effect of size-selection was sex- and context-specific, calling for precaution when drawing general conclusions on the population-level effects (or lack of them) of size-selective fishing. Conservation and management plans should consider this sex- and context-specificity.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12862-019-1460-xAge at maturationInvestment in reproductionGrowthBoldnessFeeding behaviourResource availability |
| spellingShingle | Beatriz Diaz Pauli Sarah Garric Charlotte Evangelista L. Asbjørn Vøllestad Eric Edeline Selection for small body size favours contrasting sex-specific life histories, boldness and feeding in medaka, Oryzias latipes BMC Evolutionary Biology Age at maturation Investment in reproduction Growth Boldness Feeding behaviour Resource availability |
| title | Selection for small body size favours contrasting sex-specific life histories, boldness and feeding in medaka, Oryzias latipes |
| title_full | Selection for small body size favours contrasting sex-specific life histories, boldness and feeding in medaka, Oryzias latipes |
| title_fullStr | Selection for small body size favours contrasting sex-specific life histories, boldness and feeding in medaka, Oryzias latipes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Selection for small body size favours contrasting sex-specific life histories, boldness and feeding in medaka, Oryzias latipes |
| title_short | Selection for small body size favours contrasting sex-specific life histories, boldness and feeding in medaka, Oryzias latipes |
| title_sort | selection for small body size favours contrasting sex specific life histories boldness and feeding in medaka oryzias latipes |
| topic | Age at maturation Investment in reproduction Growth Boldness Feeding behaviour Resource availability |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12862-019-1460-x |
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