Electrochemical Biosensors for Express Analysis of the Integral Toxicity of Polymer Materials
Biosensors based on an oxygen electrode, a mediator electrode, and a mediator microbial biofuel cell (MFC) using the bacteria <i>Gluconobacter oxydans</i> B-1280 were formed and tested to determine the integral toxicity. <i>G. oxydans</i> bacteria exhibited high sensitivity t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/12/1011 |
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| author | Natalia Yu. Yudina Tatyana N. Kozlova Daniil A. Bogachikhin Maria M. Kosarenina Vyacheslav A. Arlyapov Sergey V. Alferov |
| author_facet | Natalia Yu. Yudina Tatyana N. Kozlova Daniil A. Bogachikhin Maria M. Kosarenina Vyacheslav A. Arlyapov Sergey V. Alferov |
| author_sort | Natalia Yu. Yudina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biosensors based on an oxygen electrode, a mediator electrode, and a mediator microbial biofuel cell (MFC) using the bacteria <i>Gluconobacter oxydans</i> B-1280 were formed and tested to determine the integral toxicity. <i>G. oxydans</i> bacteria exhibited high sensitivity to the toxic effects of phenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, salicylic and trichloroacetic acid, and a number of heavy metal ions. The system “<i>G. oxydans</i> bacteria–ferrocene–graphite-paste electrode” was superior in sensitivity to biosensors formed using an oxygen electrode and MFC, in particular regarding heavy metal ions (EC<sub>50</sub> of Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+,</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> was 0.8 mg/dm<sup>3</sup>, 0.3 mg/dm<sup>3</sup> and 1.6 mg/dm<sup>3</sup>, respectively). It was determined that the period of stable functioning of electrochemical systems during measurements was reduced by half (from 30 to 15 days) due to changes in the enzyme system of microbial cells when exposed to toxicants. Samples of the products made from polymeric materials were analyzed using developed biosensor systems and standard biotesting methods based on inhibiting the growth of duckweed <i>Lemna minor</i>, reducing the motility of bull sperm, and quenching the luminescence of the commercial test system “Ecolum”. The developed bioelectrocatalytic systems were comparable in sensitivity to commercial biosensors, which made it possible to correlate the results and identify, by all methods, a highly toxic sample containing diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate according to GC-MS data. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:56:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-38366117cc2e4d85b564be256ed7afa7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:56:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-38366117cc2e4d85b564be256ed7afa72023-12-22T13:56:20ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742023-12-011312101110.3390/bios13121011Electrochemical Biosensors for Express Analysis of the Integral Toxicity of Polymer MaterialsNatalia Yu. Yudina0Tatyana N. Kozlova1Daniil A. Bogachikhin2Maria M. Kosarenina3Vyacheslav A. Arlyapov4Sergey V. Alferov5Chemistry Department, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, RussiaLaboratory of Ecological and Medical Biotechnology, Tula State University, Friedrich Engels Street 157, 300012 Tula, RussiaLaboratory of Ecological and Medical Biotechnology, Tula State University, Friedrich Engels Street 157, 300012 Tula, RussiaChemistry Department, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, RussiaChemistry Department, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education, Tula State University, 300012 Tula, RussiaLaboratory of Ecological and Medical Biotechnology, Tula State University, Friedrich Engels Street 157, 300012 Tula, RussiaBiosensors based on an oxygen electrode, a mediator electrode, and a mediator microbial biofuel cell (MFC) using the bacteria <i>Gluconobacter oxydans</i> B-1280 were formed and tested to determine the integral toxicity. <i>G. oxydans</i> bacteria exhibited high sensitivity to the toxic effects of phenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, salicylic and trichloroacetic acid, and a number of heavy metal ions. The system “<i>G. oxydans</i> bacteria–ferrocene–graphite-paste electrode” was superior in sensitivity to biosensors formed using an oxygen electrode and MFC, in particular regarding heavy metal ions (EC<sub>50</sub> of Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+,</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> was 0.8 mg/dm<sup>3</sup>, 0.3 mg/dm<sup>3</sup> and 1.6 mg/dm<sup>3</sup>, respectively). It was determined that the period of stable functioning of electrochemical systems during measurements was reduced by half (from 30 to 15 days) due to changes in the enzyme system of microbial cells when exposed to toxicants. Samples of the products made from polymeric materials were analyzed using developed biosensor systems and standard biotesting methods based on inhibiting the growth of duckweed <i>Lemna minor</i>, reducing the motility of bull sperm, and quenching the luminescence of the commercial test system “Ecolum”. The developed bioelectrocatalytic systems were comparable in sensitivity to commercial biosensors, which made it possible to correlate the results and identify, by all methods, a highly toxic sample containing diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate according to GC-MS data.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/12/1011toxicitymicrobial biosensorEC<sub>50</sub>toxicity index (T)bacteria <i>Gluconobacter oxydans</i> |
| spellingShingle | Natalia Yu. Yudina Tatyana N. Kozlova Daniil A. Bogachikhin Maria M. Kosarenina Vyacheslav A. Arlyapov Sergey V. Alferov Electrochemical Biosensors for Express Analysis of the Integral Toxicity of Polymer Materials Biosensors toxicity microbial biosensor EC<sub>50</sub> toxicity index (T) bacteria <i>Gluconobacter oxydans</i> |
| title | Electrochemical Biosensors for Express Analysis of the Integral Toxicity of Polymer Materials |
| title_full | Electrochemical Biosensors for Express Analysis of the Integral Toxicity of Polymer Materials |
| title_fullStr | Electrochemical Biosensors for Express Analysis of the Integral Toxicity of Polymer Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemical Biosensors for Express Analysis of the Integral Toxicity of Polymer Materials |
| title_short | Electrochemical Biosensors for Express Analysis of the Integral Toxicity of Polymer Materials |
| title_sort | electrochemical biosensors for express analysis of the integral toxicity of polymer materials |
| topic | toxicity microbial biosensor EC<sub>50</sub> toxicity index (T) bacteria <i>Gluconobacter oxydans</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/12/1011 |
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