Infrared Thermography Assessment of Aerobic Stability of a Total Mixed Ration: An Innovative Approach to Evaluating Dairy Cow Feed
A major objective of this study is to identify factors influencing the quality of high-moisture total mixed rations (TMRs) for livestock feed and explore possible manipulations that can enhance their fermentation characteristics and stability in order to address the problem of poor aerobic stability...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/13/2225 |
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| author | Burak Türkgeldi Fisun Koç Maximilian Lackner Berrin Okuyucu Ersen Okur Valiollah Palangi Selim Esen |
| author_facet | Burak Türkgeldi Fisun Koç Maximilian Lackner Berrin Okuyucu Ersen Okur Valiollah Palangi Selim Esen |
| author_sort | Burak Türkgeldi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A major objective of this study is to identify factors influencing the quality of high-moisture total mixed rations (TMRs) for livestock feed and explore possible manipulations that can enhance their fermentation characteristics and stability in order to address the problem of poor aerobic stability. Therefore, the current study utilized infrared thermography (IRT) to assess the aerobic stability of water-added TMRs in the feed bunker. By manipulating the moisture content of freshly prepared TMRs at four different levels through water addition and subjecting it to storage at two consistent temperatures, significant correlations between IRT values (center temperature (CT) and maximum temperature difference (MTD)) and key parameters such as lactic acid bacteria, water-soluble carbohydrates, and TMR pH were established. The first and second principal components together accounted for 44.3% of the variation, with the first component’s load influenced by IRT parameters, fermentation characteristics, and air exposure times, while the second component’s load was influenced by dry matter content and lactic acid concentration. The results of these studies indicate the possibility that feeding methods can be optimized by identifying portions with higher CT or MTD data using IRT measurements just before feeding dairy cows in the field. As a result, increasing the use of IRT in feed management and preservation processes is projected to have a positive impact on animal productivity in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:47:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-383f621d291e400eac5cbde22347d2a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:47:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-383f621d291e400eac5cbde22347d2a42023-11-18T16:04:49ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-07-011313222510.3390/ani13132225Infrared Thermography Assessment of Aerobic Stability of a Total Mixed Ration: An Innovative Approach to Evaluating Dairy Cow FeedBurak Türkgeldi0Fisun Koç1Maximilian Lackner2Berrin Okuyucu3Ersen Okur4Valiollah Palangi5Selim Esen6Department of Animal Science, Tekirdağ Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ 59030, TürkiyeDepartment of Animal Science, Tekirdağ Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ 59030, TürkiyeDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Hoechstaedtplatz 6, 1200 Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Animal Science, Tekirdağ Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ 59030, TürkiyeDepartment of Biosystem Engineering, Tekirdağ Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ 59030, TürkiyeDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir 35100, TürkiyeBalikesir Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Balikesir 10470, TürkiyeA major objective of this study is to identify factors influencing the quality of high-moisture total mixed rations (TMRs) for livestock feed and explore possible manipulations that can enhance their fermentation characteristics and stability in order to address the problem of poor aerobic stability. Therefore, the current study utilized infrared thermography (IRT) to assess the aerobic stability of water-added TMRs in the feed bunker. By manipulating the moisture content of freshly prepared TMRs at four different levels through water addition and subjecting it to storage at two consistent temperatures, significant correlations between IRT values (center temperature (CT) and maximum temperature difference (MTD)) and key parameters such as lactic acid bacteria, water-soluble carbohydrates, and TMR pH were established. The first and second principal components together accounted for 44.3% of the variation, with the first component’s load influenced by IRT parameters, fermentation characteristics, and air exposure times, while the second component’s load was influenced by dry matter content and lactic acid concentration. The results of these studies indicate the possibility that feeding methods can be optimized by identifying portions with higher CT or MTD data using IRT measurements just before feeding dairy cows in the field. As a result, increasing the use of IRT in feed management and preservation processes is projected to have a positive impact on animal productivity in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/13/2225total mixed rationmoisture levelinfrared thermographyaerobic stabilitychemical composition |
| spellingShingle | Burak Türkgeldi Fisun Koç Maximilian Lackner Berrin Okuyucu Ersen Okur Valiollah Palangi Selim Esen Infrared Thermography Assessment of Aerobic Stability of a Total Mixed Ration: An Innovative Approach to Evaluating Dairy Cow Feed Animals total mixed ration moisture level infrared thermography aerobic stability chemical composition |
| title | Infrared Thermography Assessment of Aerobic Stability of a Total Mixed Ration: An Innovative Approach to Evaluating Dairy Cow Feed |
| title_full | Infrared Thermography Assessment of Aerobic Stability of a Total Mixed Ration: An Innovative Approach to Evaluating Dairy Cow Feed |
| title_fullStr | Infrared Thermography Assessment of Aerobic Stability of a Total Mixed Ration: An Innovative Approach to Evaluating Dairy Cow Feed |
| title_full_unstemmed | Infrared Thermography Assessment of Aerobic Stability of a Total Mixed Ration: An Innovative Approach to Evaluating Dairy Cow Feed |
| title_short | Infrared Thermography Assessment of Aerobic Stability of a Total Mixed Ration: An Innovative Approach to Evaluating Dairy Cow Feed |
| title_sort | infrared thermography assessment of aerobic stability of a total mixed ration an innovative approach to evaluating dairy cow feed |
| topic | total mixed ration moisture level infrared thermography aerobic stability chemical composition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/13/2225 |
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