Effects of Copper Sulfate and Encapsulated Copper Addition on <i>In Vitro</i> Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production
Copper is a microelement crucial for the proper functioning of animals’ metabolic processes. The function of copper in rumen fermentation processes and methanogenesis is not well analyzed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the different types of copper supplement, their rumen decomposition and ef...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/11/1943 |
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| author | Martyna Wilk Ewa Pecka-Kiełb Jerzy Pastuszak Muhammad Umair Asghar Laura Mól |
| author_facet | Martyna Wilk Ewa Pecka-Kiełb Jerzy Pastuszak Muhammad Umair Asghar Laura Mól |
| author_sort | Martyna Wilk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Copper is a microelement crucial for the proper functioning of animals’ metabolic processes. The function of copper in rumen fermentation processes and methanogenesis is not well analyzed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the different types of copper supplement, their rumen decomposition and effect on <i>in vitro</i> ruminal fermentation as well as methanogenesis. Two different copper additives were used in the experiment: CS—copper sulfate (CuSO<sub>4</sub> × 5 H<sub>2</sub>O)—and EC—encapsulated copper (tribasic copper chloride and copper sulfate enclosed within a polysaccharide polymer coating). A total mixed ration without copper additive was used as a control (C). <i>In vitro</i> rumen fermentation was conducted, and fermentation profile, gas production and methanogenesis were evaluated. After 24 h of fermentation, the amount of copper in the rumen fluid was significantly higher in the CS group. EC was protected against rumen degradation to a greater extent. The type of used copper supplement affects rumen fermentation. However, the effect on methanogenesis is ambiguous. CS supplement increases rumen gas production but does not affect methanogenesis. The obtained results suggest that the EC supplement may reduce the risk of low-fat milk and may improve the economic indicators of milk production. An <i>in vivo</i> experiment is necessary to compare the obtained <i>in vitro</i> results with animal productivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:32:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-384e2b5f4c004832a4571b90f58260ff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:32:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-384e2b5f4c004832a4571b90f58260ff2023-11-24T07:25:31ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722022-11-011211194310.3390/agriculture12111943Effects of Copper Sulfate and Encapsulated Copper Addition on <i>In Vitro</i> Rumen Fermentation and Methane ProductionMartyna Wilk0Ewa Pecka-Kiełb1Jerzy Pastuszak2Muhammad Umair Asghar3Laura Mól4Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, PolandDepartment of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-631 Wrocław, PolandBioDose Sp. z o. o. Sp. k., 60-453 Poznań, PolandDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, PolandBioDose Sp. z o. o. Sp. k., 60-453 Poznań, PolandCopper is a microelement crucial for the proper functioning of animals’ metabolic processes. The function of copper in rumen fermentation processes and methanogenesis is not well analyzed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the different types of copper supplement, their rumen decomposition and effect on <i>in vitro</i> ruminal fermentation as well as methanogenesis. Two different copper additives were used in the experiment: CS—copper sulfate (CuSO<sub>4</sub> × 5 H<sub>2</sub>O)—and EC—encapsulated copper (tribasic copper chloride and copper sulfate enclosed within a polysaccharide polymer coating). A total mixed ration without copper additive was used as a control (C). <i>In vitro</i> rumen fermentation was conducted, and fermentation profile, gas production and methanogenesis were evaluated. After 24 h of fermentation, the amount of copper in the rumen fluid was significantly higher in the CS group. EC was protected against rumen degradation to a greater extent. The type of used copper supplement affects rumen fermentation. However, the effect on methanogenesis is ambiguous. CS supplement increases rumen gas production but does not affect methanogenesis. The obtained results suggest that the EC supplement may reduce the risk of low-fat milk and may improve the economic indicators of milk production. An <i>in vivo</i> experiment is necessary to compare the obtained <i>in vitro</i> results with animal productivity.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/11/1943coated copper sulfaterumen fermentationmethanogenesisencapsulation |
| spellingShingle | Martyna Wilk Ewa Pecka-Kiełb Jerzy Pastuszak Muhammad Umair Asghar Laura Mól Effects of Copper Sulfate and Encapsulated Copper Addition on <i>In Vitro</i> Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production Agriculture coated copper sulfate rumen fermentation methanogenesis encapsulation |
| title | Effects of Copper Sulfate and Encapsulated Copper Addition on <i>In Vitro</i> Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production |
| title_full | Effects of Copper Sulfate and Encapsulated Copper Addition on <i>In Vitro</i> Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Copper Sulfate and Encapsulated Copper Addition on <i>In Vitro</i> Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Copper Sulfate and Encapsulated Copper Addition on <i>In Vitro</i> Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production |
| title_short | Effects of Copper Sulfate and Encapsulated Copper Addition on <i>In Vitro</i> Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production |
| title_sort | effects of copper sulfate and encapsulated copper addition on i in vitro i rumen fermentation and methane production |
| topic | coated copper sulfate rumen fermentation methanogenesis encapsulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/11/1943 |
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