Blue‐green fluorescence during hypersensitive cell death arises from phenylpropanoid deydrodimers
Abstract Infection of Arabidopsis with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae and exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) both trigger hypersensitive cell death (HCD) that is characterized by the emission of bright blue‐green (BG) autofluorescence under UV illumination. The aim of our current work was to identif...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Plant Direct |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.531 |
| _version_ | 1797629644798689280 |
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| author | Basem Kanawati Marko Bertic Franco Moritz Felix Habermann Ina Zimmer David Mackey Philippe Schmitt‐Kopplin Jörg‐Peter Schnitzler Jörg Durner Frank Gaupels |
| author_facet | Basem Kanawati Marko Bertic Franco Moritz Felix Habermann Ina Zimmer David Mackey Philippe Schmitt‐Kopplin Jörg‐Peter Schnitzler Jörg Durner Frank Gaupels |
| author_sort | Basem Kanawati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Infection of Arabidopsis with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae and exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) both trigger hypersensitive cell death (HCD) that is characterized by the emission of bright blue‐green (BG) autofluorescence under UV illumination. The aim of our current work was to identify the BG fluorescent molecules and scrutinize their biosynthesis, localization, and functions during the HCD. Compared with wild‐type (WT) plants, the phenylpropanoid‐deficient mutant fah1 developed normal HCD except for the absence of BG fluorescence. Ultrahigh resolution metabolomics combined with mass difference network analysis revealed that WT but not fah1 plants rapidly accumulate dehydrodimers of sinapic acid, sinapoylmalate, 5‐hydroxyferulic acid, and 5‐hydroxyferuloylmalate during the HCD. FAH1‐dependent BG fluorescence appeared exclusively within dying cells of the upper epidermis as detected by microscopy. Saponification released dehydrodimers from cell wall polymers of WT but not fah1 plants. Collectively, our data suggest that HCD induction leads to the formation of free BG fluorescent dehydrodimers from monomeric sinapates and 5‐hydroxyferulates. The formed dehydrodimers move from upper epidermis cells into the apoplast where they esterify cell wall polymers. Possible functions of phenylpropanoid dehydrodimers are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:56:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-385b25eed534401baf364853656cd507 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2475-4455 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:56:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plant Direct |
| spelling | doaj.art-385b25eed534401baf364853656cd5072023-11-13T07:55:56ZengWileyPlant Direct2475-44552023-09-0179n/an/a10.1002/pld3.531Blue‐green fluorescence during hypersensitive cell death arises from phenylpropanoid deydrodimersBasem Kanawati0Marko Bertic1Franco Moritz2Felix Habermann3Ina Zimmer4David Mackey5Philippe Schmitt‐Kopplin6Jörg‐Peter Schnitzler7Jörg Durner8Frank Gaupels9Analytical BioGeoChemistry Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg GermanyResearch Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg GermanyAnalytical BioGeoChemistry Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg GermanyInstitute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Veterinary Sciences Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich Munich GermanyResearch Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg GermanyDepartment of Horticulture and Crop Science and Department of Molecular Genetics Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USAAnalytical BioGeoChemistry Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg GermanyResearch Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg GermanyInstitute of Biochemical Plant Pathology Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg GermanyInstitute of Biochemical Plant Pathology Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg GermanyAbstract Infection of Arabidopsis with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae and exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) both trigger hypersensitive cell death (HCD) that is characterized by the emission of bright blue‐green (BG) autofluorescence under UV illumination. The aim of our current work was to identify the BG fluorescent molecules and scrutinize their biosynthesis, localization, and functions during the HCD. Compared with wild‐type (WT) plants, the phenylpropanoid‐deficient mutant fah1 developed normal HCD except for the absence of BG fluorescence. Ultrahigh resolution metabolomics combined with mass difference network analysis revealed that WT but not fah1 plants rapidly accumulate dehydrodimers of sinapic acid, sinapoylmalate, 5‐hydroxyferulic acid, and 5‐hydroxyferuloylmalate during the HCD. FAH1‐dependent BG fluorescence appeared exclusively within dying cells of the upper epidermis as detected by microscopy. Saponification released dehydrodimers from cell wall polymers of WT but not fah1 plants. Collectively, our data suggest that HCD induction leads to the formation of free BG fluorescent dehydrodimers from monomeric sinapates and 5‐hydroxyferulates. The formed dehydrodimers move from upper epidermis cells into the apoplast where they esterify cell wall polymers. Possible functions of phenylpropanoid dehydrodimers are discussed.https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.5315‐hydroxyferulic acidautofluorescencecell walldehydrodimersfah1hypersensitive cell death |
| spellingShingle | Basem Kanawati Marko Bertic Franco Moritz Felix Habermann Ina Zimmer David Mackey Philippe Schmitt‐Kopplin Jörg‐Peter Schnitzler Jörg Durner Frank Gaupels Blue‐green fluorescence during hypersensitive cell death arises from phenylpropanoid deydrodimers Plant Direct 5‐hydroxyferulic acid autofluorescence cell wall dehydrodimers fah1 hypersensitive cell death |
| title | Blue‐green fluorescence during hypersensitive cell death arises from phenylpropanoid deydrodimers |
| title_full | Blue‐green fluorescence during hypersensitive cell death arises from phenylpropanoid deydrodimers |
| title_fullStr | Blue‐green fluorescence during hypersensitive cell death arises from phenylpropanoid deydrodimers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blue‐green fluorescence during hypersensitive cell death arises from phenylpropanoid deydrodimers |
| title_short | Blue‐green fluorescence during hypersensitive cell death arises from phenylpropanoid deydrodimers |
| title_sort | blue green fluorescence during hypersensitive cell death arises from phenylpropanoid deydrodimers |
| topic | 5‐hydroxyferulic acid autofluorescence cell wall dehydrodimers fah1 hypersensitive cell death |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.531 |
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