Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers
The appearance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a significant impact on the balance of public health and social life. The data available so far show that newborns and young children do not develop severe forms of COVID-19, but a small proportion of them will stil...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/3/286 |
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| author | Felicia Trofin Eduard Vasile Nastase Luminita Smaranda Iancu Daniela Constantinescu Corina Maria Cianga Catalina Lunca Ramona Gabriela Ursu Petru Cianga Olivia Simona Dorneanu |
| author_facet | Felicia Trofin Eduard Vasile Nastase Luminita Smaranda Iancu Daniela Constantinescu Corina Maria Cianga Catalina Lunca Ramona Gabriela Ursu Petru Cianga Olivia Simona Dorneanu |
| author_sort | Felicia Trofin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The appearance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a significant impact on the balance of public health and social life. The data available so far show that newborns and young children do not develop severe forms of COVID-19, but a small proportion of them will still need hospitalization. Even though young children represent an important vector of the infection, vaccination at such a young age was not yet considered. Thus, the question of whether potentially protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 could be provided to them via breast milk or across the placenta, as “passive immunity”, still stands. Materials and Methods: Between January–July 2021, we have conducted a prospective study that aimed to measure the immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 titers in the breast milk of 28 vaccinated lactating mothers, sampled at 30 and 60 days after the second dose of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 Pfizer or Moderna mRNA vaccines. Anti-RBD reactive IgA and IgG antibodies were detected and quantified by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Anti-RBD IgA and IgG were present in all breast milk samples, both in the first and in the second specimens, without a significant difference between those two. The anti-RBD IgA titers were approximately five-times higher than the anti-RBD IgG ones. The anti-RBD IgA and IgG titers were correlated with the infants’ age, but they were not correlated with the vaccine type or mother’s age. The anti-RBD IgA excreted in milk were inversely correlated with the parity number. Conclusions: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG can be found in the milk secretion of mothers vaccinated with mRNA vaccines and, presumably, these antibodies should offer protection to the newborn, considering that the antibodies’ titers did not decrease after 60 days. The antibody response is directly proportional to the breastfed child’s age, but the amount of anti-RBD IgA decreases with the baby’s rank. The antibody response did not depend on the vaccine type, or on the mother’s age. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:02:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-385bf02ce9e6407b974ed0877302c6fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:02:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-385bf02ce9e6407b974ed0877302c6fc2023-11-30T21:51:56ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-02-0111328610.3390/pathogens11030286Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated MothersFelicia Trofin0Eduard Vasile Nastase1Luminita Smaranda Iancu2Daniela Constantinescu3Corina Maria Cianga4Catalina Lunca5Ramona Gabriela Ursu6Petru Cianga7Olivia Simona Dorneanu8Microbiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaClinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva”, 700116 Iasi, RomaniaMicrobiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaImmunology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaImmunology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaMicrobiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaMicrobiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaImmunology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaMicrobiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaThe appearance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a significant impact on the balance of public health and social life. The data available so far show that newborns and young children do not develop severe forms of COVID-19, but a small proportion of them will still need hospitalization. Even though young children represent an important vector of the infection, vaccination at such a young age was not yet considered. Thus, the question of whether potentially protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 could be provided to them via breast milk or across the placenta, as “passive immunity”, still stands. Materials and Methods: Between January–July 2021, we have conducted a prospective study that aimed to measure the immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 titers in the breast milk of 28 vaccinated lactating mothers, sampled at 30 and 60 days after the second dose of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 Pfizer or Moderna mRNA vaccines. Anti-RBD reactive IgA and IgG antibodies were detected and quantified by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Anti-RBD IgA and IgG were present in all breast milk samples, both in the first and in the second specimens, without a significant difference between those two. The anti-RBD IgA titers were approximately five-times higher than the anti-RBD IgG ones. The anti-RBD IgA and IgG titers were correlated with the infants’ age, but they were not correlated with the vaccine type or mother’s age. The anti-RBD IgA excreted in milk were inversely correlated with the parity number. Conclusions: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG can be found in the milk secretion of mothers vaccinated with mRNA vaccines and, presumably, these antibodies should offer protection to the newborn, considering that the antibodies’ titers did not decrease after 60 days. The antibody response is directly proportional to the breastfed child’s age, but the amount of anti-RBD IgA decreases with the baby’s rank. The antibody response did not depend on the vaccine type, or on the mother’s age.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/3/286immunoglobulinsSARS-CoV-2COVID-19vaccinebreast milk |
| spellingShingle | Felicia Trofin Eduard Vasile Nastase Luminita Smaranda Iancu Daniela Constantinescu Corina Maria Cianga Catalina Lunca Ramona Gabriela Ursu Petru Cianga Olivia Simona Dorneanu Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers Pathogens immunoglobulins SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 vaccine breast milk |
| title | Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers |
| title_full | Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers |
| title_fullStr | Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers |
| title_short | Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers |
| title_sort | anti rbd iga and igg response and transmission in breast milk of anti sars cov 2 vaccinated mothers |
| topic | immunoglobulins SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 vaccine breast milk |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/3/286 |
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