Evaluation of fasting plasma insulin and proxy measurements to assess insulin sensitivity in horses
Abstract Background Proxies are mathematical calculations based on fasting glucose and/or insulin concentrations developed to allow prediction of insulin sensitivity (IS) and β-cell response. These proxies have not been evaluated in horses with insulin dysregulation. The first objective of this stud...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02781-5 |
| _version_ | 1819297726526914560 |
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| author | Sanna Lindåse Katarina Nostell Peter Bergsten Anders Forslund Johan Bröjer |
| author_facet | Sanna Lindåse Katarina Nostell Peter Bergsten Anders Forslund Johan Bröjer |
| author_sort | Sanna Lindåse |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Proxies are mathematical calculations based on fasting glucose and/or insulin concentrations developed to allow prediction of insulin sensitivity (IS) and β-cell response. These proxies have not been evaluated in horses with insulin dysregulation. The first objective of this study was to evaluate how fasting insulin (FI) and proxies for IS (1/Insulin, reciprocal of the square root of insulin (RISQI) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)) and β-cell response (the modified insulin-to-glucose ratio (MIRG) and the homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β)) were correlated to measures of IS (M index) using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) in horses with insulin resistance (IR) and normal IS. A second objective was to evaluate the repeatability of FI and proxies in horses based on sampling on consecutive days. The last objective was to investigate the most appropriate cut-off value for the proxies and FI. Results Thirty-four horses were categorized as IR and 26 as IS based on the M index. The proxies and FI had coefficients of variation (CVs) ≤ 25.3 % and very good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.89). All proxies and FI were good predictors of the M index (r = 0.76–0.85; P < 0.001). The proxies for IS had a positive linear relationship with the M index whereas proxies for β-cell response and FI had an inverse relationship with the M index. Cut-off values to distinguish horses with IR from horses with normal IS based on the M index were established for all proxies and FI using receiver operating characteristic curves, with sensitivity between 79 % and 91 % and specificity between 85 % and 96 %. The cut-off values to predict IR were < 0.32 (RISQI), < 0.33 (QUICKI) and > 9.5 µIU/mL for FI. Conclusions All proxies and FI provided repeatable estimates of horses’ IS. However, there is no advantage of using proxies instead of FI to estimate IR in the horse. Due to the heteroscedasticity of the data, proxies and FI in general are more suitable for epidemiological studies and larger clinical studies than as a diagnostic tool for measurement of IR in individual horses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T05:18:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-385d63db33b0412f87a0351254752446 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1746-6148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T05:18:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-385d63db33b0412f87a03512547524462022-12-21T17:13:30ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482021-02-0117111010.1186/s12917-021-02781-5Evaluation of fasting plasma insulin and proxy measurements to assess insulin sensitivity in horsesSanna Lindåse0Katarina Nostell1Peter Bergsten2Anders Forslund3Johan Bröjer4Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala UniversityDepartment of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala UniversityDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAbstract Background Proxies are mathematical calculations based on fasting glucose and/or insulin concentrations developed to allow prediction of insulin sensitivity (IS) and β-cell response. These proxies have not been evaluated in horses with insulin dysregulation. The first objective of this study was to evaluate how fasting insulin (FI) and proxies for IS (1/Insulin, reciprocal of the square root of insulin (RISQI) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)) and β-cell response (the modified insulin-to-glucose ratio (MIRG) and the homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β)) were correlated to measures of IS (M index) using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) in horses with insulin resistance (IR) and normal IS. A second objective was to evaluate the repeatability of FI and proxies in horses based on sampling on consecutive days. The last objective was to investigate the most appropriate cut-off value for the proxies and FI. Results Thirty-four horses were categorized as IR and 26 as IS based on the M index. The proxies and FI had coefficients of variation (CVs) ≤ 25.3 % and very good reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.89). All proxies and FI were good predictors of the M index (r = 0.76–0.85; P < 0.001). The proxies for IS had a positive linear relationship with the M index whereas proxies for β-cell response and FI had an inverse relationship with the M index. Cut-off values to distinguish horses with IR from horses with normal IS based on the M index were established for all proxies and FI using receiver operating characteristic curves, with sensitivity between 79 % and 91 % and specificity between 85 % and 96 %. The cut-off values to predict IR were < 0.32 (RISQI), < 0.33 (QUICKI) and > 9.5 µIU/mL for FI. Conclusions All proxies and FI provided repeatable estimates of horses’ IS. However, there is no advantage of using proxies instead of FI to estimate IR in the horse. Due to the heteroscedasticity of the data, proxies and FI in general are more suitable for epidemiological studies and larger clinical studies than as a diagnostic tool for measurement of IR in individual horses.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02781-5EndocrineEquine metabolic syndromeBeta‐cell responseInsulin dysregulationInsulin resistance |
| spellingShingle | Sanna Lindåse Katarina Nostell Peter Bergsten Anders Forslund Johan Bröjer Evaluation of fasting plasma insulin and proxy measurements to assess insulin sensitivity in horses BMC Veterinary Research Endocrine Equine metabolic syndrome Beta‐cell response Insulin dysregulation Insulin resistance |
| title | Evaluation of fasting plasma insulin and proxy measurements to assess insulin sensitivity in horses |
| title_full | Evaluation of fasting plasma insulin and proxy measurements to assess insulin sensitivity in horses |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of fasting plasma insulin and proxy measurements to assess insulin sensitivity in horses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of fasting plasma insulin and proxy measurements to assess insulin sensitivity in horses |
| title_short | Evaluation of fasting plasma insulin and proxy measurements to assess insulin sensitivity in horses |
| title_sort | evaluation of fasting plasma insulin and proxy measurements to assess insulin sensitivity in horses |
| topic | Endocrine Equine metabolic syndrome Beta‐cell response Insulin dysregulation Insulin resistance |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02781-5 |
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