COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history
Background: The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Sport and Health Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254623000613 |
| _version_ | 1797351549894131712 |
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| author | Kyle A. Smith Tiffany M. Zúñiga Forrest L. Baker Helena Batatinha Charles R. Pedlar Shane C. Burgess Michael P. Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis Richard J. Simpson |
| author_facet | Kyle A. Smith Tiffany M. Zúñiga Forrest L. Baker Helena Batatinha Charles R. Pedlar Shane C. Burgess Michael P. Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis Richard J. Simpson |
| author_sort | Kyle A. Smith |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb titers. Methods: Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. All major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before, during, and after exercise by flow cytometry, and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays, T-cell receptor (TCR)-β sequencing, and SARS-CoV-2 nAb serology. Results: COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded exercise. However, non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+ and CD8+ naive T-cells, as well as CD4+ central memory T-cells, after vaccination (synthetic immunity group); this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (hybrid immunity group). Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent manner. Both groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein; however, only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid antigens. nAbs increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity group. Conclusion: These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:02:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-386b1513a2f74bb7abae7a2c3e64ccb5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2095-2546 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:02:05Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Sport and Health Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-386b1513a2f74bb7abae7a2c3e64ccb52024-01-19T04:55:27ZengElsevierJournal of Sport and Health Science2095-25462024-01-0113199107COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection historyKyle A. Smith0Tiffany M. Zúñiga1Forrest L. Baker2Helena Batatinha3Charles R. Pedlar4Shane C. Burgess5Michael P. Gustafson6Emmanuel Katsanis7Richard J. Simpson8School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USASchool of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USASchool of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USASchool of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAFaculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham TW1 4SX, UK; Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HU, UKDepartment of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USALaboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USADepartment of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USASchool of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Corresponding author.Background: The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb titers. Methods: Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. All major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before, during, and after exercise by flow cytometry, and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays, T-cell receptor (TCR)-β sequencing, and SARS-CoV-2 nAb serology. Results: COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded exercise. However, non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+ and CD8+ naive T-cells, as well as CD4+ central memory T-cells, after vaccination (synthetic immunity group); this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (hybrid immunity group). Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent manner. Both groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein; however, only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid antigens. nAbs increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity group. Conclusion: These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254623000613Anti-viralCOVID-19Exercise immunologySARS-CoV-2T-CellsVaccine |
| spellingShingle | Kyle A. Smith Tiffany M. Zúñiga Forrest L. Baker Helena Batatinha Charles R. Pedlar Shane C. Burgess Michael P. Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis Richard J. Simpson COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history Journal of Sport and Health Science Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise immunology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine |
| title | COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history |
| title_full | COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history |
| title_fullStr | COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history |
| title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history |
| title_short | COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history |
| title_sort | covid 19 vaccination produces exercise responsive sars cov 2 specific t cells regardless of infection history |
| topic | Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise immunology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095254623000613 |
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