In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Less Polar Fractions of <i>Dasycladus vermicularis</i> (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 and the Chemical Composition of Fractions and Macroalga Volatilome
The present research is a comprehensive investigation of <i>Dasycladus vermicularis</i> (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 from the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) regarding volatilome–volatile organic compounds (VOCs, mostly nonpolar compounds) and less polar nonvolatile compounds for the first time. Headsp...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/6/743 |
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| author | Sanja Radman Ana-Marija Cikoš Sanja Babić Lara Čižmek Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac Stela Jokić Igor Jerković |
| author_facet | Sanja Radman Ana-Marija Cikoš Sanja Babić Lara Čižmek Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac Stela Jokić Igor Jerković |
| author_sort | Sanja Radman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present research is a comprehensive investigation of <i>Dasycladus vermicularis</i> (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 from the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) regarding volatilome–volatile organic compounds (VOCs, mostly nonpolar compounds) and less polar nonvolatile compounds for the first time. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD) were used showing the great volatilome variability among fresh (HS-FrDV and HD-FrDV) and dried (HS-DrDV and HD-DrDV) samples after GC–MS analysis. Aromatic aldehydes were dominant in both fresh and air-dried HS samples with benzaldehyde as the most abundant in fresh samples and decreasing 2.7–3.7 times after drying together with 2-phenylbut-2-enal that was not present after drying. Aliphatic compounds (unsaturated hydrocarbons in HS-FrDV; saturated hydrocarbons in HS-DrDV) were also present. C<sub>11</sub>-hydrocarbons (dictyopterpene C’ and dictyopterpene D’) were detected in HS-FrDV. (<i>E</i>)-Phytol was the most dominant compound in HD-FrDV and HD-DrDV. Diterpene alcohols (cembra-4,7,11,15-tetraen-3-ol and (<i>Z</i>)-falcarinol) and sesquiterpene alcohol, cubenol, were dominant in HD-FrDV, and their abundance decreased after drying. C<sub>13</sub>-norisoprenoides (α-ionone and β-ionone) increased after drying. Aliphatic compounds were present in both HD-FrDV and HD-DrDV samples. The less polar nonvolatile compounds in the obtained fractions F3 and F4 were analysed and identified by UHPLC-ESI(+)-HRMS. Identified compounds belonged to a group of pigments (7 compounds), fatty acid derivatives (13 compounds), as well as steroids and terpenes (10 compounds). Porphyrin-based compounds (C<sub>55</sub>H<sub>74</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>5–7</sub>), xanthophylls, sphingolipid compounds, fatty acid amides, and phytosterols represented the majority of identified compounds. By implementing both in vitro and in vivo assays for antioxidant activity determination, F3 showed a higher activity than F4. Inhibitory concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub>) for F3 and F4 were 498.00 ± 0.01 µg/mL and 798.00 ± 0.81 µg/mL, respectively, while a 1.5-fold reduction in the ROS level was observed after pre-treatment of zebrafish larvae with 45 µg/mL of F3. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:46:16Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:46:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-386d10a023a94e0a972fb7aa5aeeb0c82023-11-23T18:27:58ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472022-06-0115674310.3390/ph15060743In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Less Polar Fractions of <i>Dasycladus vermicularis</i> (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 and the Chemical Composition of Fractions and Macroalga VolatilomeSanja Radman0Ana-Marija Cikoš1Sanja Babić2Lara Čižmek3Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac4Stela Jokić5Igor Jerković6Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, CroatiaDepartment of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaLaboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaLaboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaLaboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, CroatiaThe present research is a comprehensive investigation of <i>Dasycladus vermicularis</i> (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 from the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) regarding volatilome–volatile organic compounds (VOCs, mostly nonpolar compounds) and less polar nonvolatile compounds for the first time. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD) were used showing the great volatilome variability among fresh (HS-FrDV and HD-FrDV) and dried (HS-DrDV and HD-DrDV) samples after GC–MS analysis. Aromatic aldehydes were dominant in both fresh and air-dried HS samples with benzaldehyde as the most abundant in fresh samples and decreasing 2.7–3.7 times after drying together with 2-phenylbut-2-enal that was not present after drying. Aliphatic compounds (unsaturated hydrocarbons in HS-FrDV; saturated hydrocarbons in HS-DrDV) were also present. C<sub>11</sub>-hydrocarbons (dictyopterpene C’ and dictyopterpene D’) were detected in HS-FrDV. (<i>E</i>)-Phytol was the most dominant compound in HD-FrDV and HD-DrDV. Diterpene alcohols (cembra-4,7,11,15-tetraen-3-ol and (<i>Z</i>)-falcarinol) and sesquiterpene alcohol, cubenol, were dominant in HD-FrDV, and their abundance decreased after drying. C<sub>13</sub>-norisoprenoides (α-ionone and β-ionone) increased after drying. Aliphatic compounds were present in both HD-FrDV and HD-DrDV samples. The less polar nonvolatile compounds in the obtained fractions F3 and F4 were analysed and identified by UHPLC-ESI(+)-HRMS. Identified compounds belonged to a group of pigments (7 compounds), fatty acid derivatives (13 compounds), as well as steroids and terpenes (10 compounds). Porphyrin-based compounds (C<sub>55</sub>H<sub>74</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>5–7</sub>), xanthophylls, sphingolipid compounds, fatty acid amides, and phytosterols represented the majority of identified compounds. By implementing both in vitro and in vivo assays for antioxidant activity determination, F3 showed a higher activity than F4. Inhibitory concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub>) for F3 and F4 were 498.00 ± 0.01 µg/mL and 798.00 ± 0.81 µg/mL, respectively, while a 1.5-fold reduction in the ROS level was observed after pre-treatment of zebrafish larvae with 45 µg/mL of F3.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/6/743benzaldehyde2-phenylbut-2-enalpheophytin <i>a</i> and its derivativesradical scavenging and antioxidant powerzebrafish model |
| spellingShingle | Sanja Radman Ana-Marija Cikoš Sanja Babić Lara Čižmek Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac Stela Jokić Igor Jerković In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Less Polar Fractions of <i>Dasycladus vermicularis</i> (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 and the Chemical Composition of Fractions and Macroalga Volatilome Pharmaceuticals benzaldehyde 2-phenylbut-2-enal pheophytin <i>a</i> and its derivatives radical scavenging and antioxidant power zebrafish model |
| title | In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Less Polar Fractions of <i>Dasycladus vermicularis</i> (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 and the Chemical Composition of Fractions and Macroalga Volatilome |
| title_full | In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Less Polar Fractions of <i>Dasycladus vermicularis</i> (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 and the Chemical Composition of Fractions and Macroalga Volatilome |
| title_fullStr | In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Less Polar Fractions of <i>Dasycladus vermicularis</i> (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 and the Chemical Composition of Fractions and Macroalga Volatilome |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Less Polar Fractions of <i>Dasycladus vermicularis</i> (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 and the Chemical Composition of Fractions and Macroalga Volatilome |
| title_short | In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Less Polar Fractions of <i>Dasycladus vermicularis</i> (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 and the Chemical Composition of Fractions and Macroalga Volatilome |
| title_sort | in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity of less polar fractions of i dasycladus vermicularis i scopoli krasser 1898 and the chemical composition of fractions and macroalga volatilome |
| topic | benzaldehyde 2-phenylbut-2-enal pheophytin <i>a</i> and its derivatives radical scavenging and antioxidant power zebrafish model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/6/743 |
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