Effect of the Algicide Thiazolidinedione 49 on Immune Responses of Bay Scallop <i>Argopecten Irradians</i>
The thiazolidinedione 49 (TD<sub>49</sub>) is an effective algaecide against harmful algae; however, its potential effects on the immune function of the edible bay scallop are unclear. Therefore, the present work studied the effects of TD<sub>49</sub> on the immune response i...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/19/3579 |
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| author | Cheng Chi Saekil Yun Sib Sankar Giri Hyoun Joong Kim Sang Wha Kim Jeong Woo Kang Se Chang Park |
| author_facet | Cheng Chi Saekil Yun Sib Sankar Giri Hyoun Joong Kim Sang Wha Kim Jeong Woo Kang Se Chang Park |
| author_sort | Cheng Chi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The thiazolidinedione 49 (TD<sub>49</sub>) is an effective algaecide against harmful algae; however, its potential effects on the immune function of the edible bay scallop are unclear. Therefore, the present work studied the effects of TD<sub>49</sub> on the immune response in bay scallop by evaluating activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as nitric oxide (NO) levels, total protein content, and expression of immune genes (<i>CTL-6</i>, <i>PGRP</i>, <i>PrxV</i>, <i>MT</i>, and <i>Cu/Zn-SOD</i>) at 3−48 h post-exposure (hpe) to TD<sub>49</sub>. The activities of ACP and ALP significantly increased in TD<sub>49</sub>-treated groups at 3−24 hpe, whereas NO levels decreased significantly in 0.58 and 0.68 μM of TD<sub>49</sub> at 6−24 hpe, after which the level was similar to that in the untreated control. Moreover, SOD activity significantly increased in all three concentration groups at 3−6 hpe, while it decreased at 12 hpe in the 0.68 μM TD<sub>49</sub> treatment group. Notably, total protein content increased with TD<sub>49</sub> treatment at each time interval. The results revealed that variable effects on the expression of immune-related genes were observed after treatment with TD<sub>49</sub>. The findings demonstrate that exposure of scallops to TD<sub>49</sub> changes immune responses and expression of immune-related genes. We hypothesize that TD<sub>49</sub> may disrupt immune system in bay scallop. The current investigation highlights the potential negative effects of using TD<sub>49</sub> as an algaecide on marine economic bivalves to control harmful algal blooms in marine environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T23:16:20Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T23:16:20Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-386ec57ed4e74690a9a4b46d276b145b2022-12-22T03:57:37ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-10-012419357910.3390/molecules24193579molecules24193579Effect of the Algicide Thiazolidinedione 49 on Immune Responses of Bay Scallop <i>Argopecten Irradians</i>Cheng Chi0Saekil Yun1Sib Sankar Giri2Hyoun Joong Kim3Sang Wha Kim4Jeong Woo Kang5Se Chang Park6Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Road 1, Nanjing 210095, ChinaLaboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–747, KoreaLaboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–747, KoreaLaboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–747, KoreaLaboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–747, KoreaLaboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–747, KoreaLaboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–747, KoreaThe thiazolidinedione 49 (TD<sub>49</sub>) is an effective algaecide against harmful algae; however, its potential effects on the immune function of the edible bay scallop are unclear. Therefore, the present work studied the effects of TD<sub>49</sub> on the immune response in bay scallop by evaluating activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as nitric oxide (NO) levels, total protein content, and expression of immune genes (<i>CTL-6</i>, <i>PGRP</i>, <i>PrxV</i>, <i>MT</i>, and <i>Cu/Zn-SOD</i>) at 3−48 h post-exposure (hpe) to TD<sub>49</sub>. The activities of ACP and ALP significantly increased in TD<sub>49</sub>-treated groups at 3−24 hpe, whereas NO levels decreased significantly in 0.58 and 0.68 μM of TD<sub>49</sub> at 6−24 hpe, after which the level was similar to that in the untreated control. Moreover, SOD activity significantly increased in all three concentration groups at 3−6 hpe, while it decreased at 12 hpe in the 0.68 μM TD<sub>49</sub> treatment group. Notably, total protein content increased with TD<sub>49</sub> treatment at each time interval. The results revealed that variable effects on the expression of immune-related genes were observed after treatment with TD<sub>49</sub>. The findings demonstrate that exposure of scallops to TD<sub>49</sub> changes immune responses and expression of immune-related genes. We hypothesize that TD<sub>49</sub> may disrupt immune system in bay scallop. The current investigation highlights the potential negative effects of using TD<sub>49</sub> as an algaecide on marine economic bivalves to control harmful algal blooms in marine environments.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/19/3579algaecidethiazolidinedione 49<i>argopecten irradians</i>immune response |
| spellingShingle | Cheng Chi Saekil Yun Sib Sankar Giri Hyoun Joong Kim Sang Wha Kim Jeong Woo Kang Se Chang Park Effect of the Algicide Thiazolidinedione 49 on Immune Responses of Bay Scallop <i>Argopecten Irradians</i> Molecules algaecide thiazolidinedione 49 <i>argopecten irradians</i> immune response |
| title | Effect of the Algicide Thiazolidinedione 49 on Immune Responses of Bay Scallop <i>Argopecten Irradians</i> |
| title_full | Effect of the Algicide Thiazolidinedione 49 on Immune Responses of Bay Scallop <i>Argopecten Irradians</i> |
| title_fullStr | Effect of the Algicide Thiazolidinedione 49 on Immune Responses of Bay Scallop <i>Argopecten Irradians</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of the Algicide Thiazolidinedione 49 on Immune Responses of Bay Scallop <i>Argopecten Irradians</i> |
| title_short | Effect of the Algicide Thiazolidinedione 49 on Immune Responses of Bay Scallop <i>Argopecten Irradians</i> |
| title_sort | effect of the algicide thiazolidinedione 49 on immune responses of bay scallop i argopecten irradians i |
| topic | algaecide thiazolidinedione 49 <i>argopecten irradians</i> immune response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/19/3579 |
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