Cellular Immunity of <i>Drosophila willistoni</i> Reveals Novel Complexity in Insect Anti-Parasitoid Defense
Coevolution of hosts and their parasites has shaped heterogeneity of effector hemocyte types, providing immune defense reactions with variable effectiveness. In this work, we characterize hemocytes of <i>Drosophila willistoni</i>, a species that has evolved a cellular immune system with...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/7/593 |
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| author | Gyöngyi Cinege Kinga Fodor Lilla B. Magyar Zoltán Lipinszki Dan Hultmark István Andó |
| author_facet | Gyöngyi Cinege Kinga Fodor Lilla B. Magyar Zoltán Lipinszki Dan Hultmark István Andó |
| author_sort | Gyöngyi Cinege |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coevolution of hosts and their parasites has shaped heterogeneity of effector hemocyte types, providing immune defense reactions with variable effectiveness. In this work, we characterize hemocytes of <i>Drosophila willistoni</i>, a species that has evolved a cellular immune system with extensive variation and a high degree of plasticity. Monoclonal antibodies were raised and used in indirect immunofluorescence experiments to characterize hemocyte subpopulations, follow their functional features and differentiation. Pagocytosis and parasitization assays were used to determine the functional characteristics of hemocyte types. Samples were visualized using confocal and epifluorescence microscopy. We identified a new multinucleated giant hemocyte (MGH) type, which differentiates in the course of the cellular immune response to parasitoids. These cells differentiate in the circulation through nuclear division and cell fusion, and can also be derived from the central hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland. They have a binary function as they take up bacteria by phagocytosis and are involved in the encapsulation and elimination of the parasitoid. Here, we show that, in response to large foreign particles, such as parasitoids, MGHs differentiate, have a binary function and contribute to a highly effective cellular immune response, similar to the foreign body giant cells of vertebrates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:47:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-387a10a45d4145e1b0def59bb4c30cff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:47:35Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-387a10a45d4145e1b0def59bb4c30cff2024-04-12T13:16:28ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092024-03-0113759310.3390/cells13070593Cellular Immunity of <i>Drosophila willistoni</i> Reveals Novel Complexity in Insect Anti-Parasitoid DefenseGyöngyi Cinege0Kinga Fodor1Lilla B. Magyar2Zoltán Lipinszki3Dan Hultmark4István Andó5Innate Immunity Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, HungaryInnate Immunity Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, HungaryInnate Immunity Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, HungaryMTA SZBK Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Molecular Biology, Umea University, 901 87 Umea, SwedenInnate Immunity Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, HungaryCoevolution of hosts and their parasites has shaped heterogeneity of effector hemocyte types, providing immune defense reactions with variable effectiveness. In this work, we characterize hemocytes of <i>Drosophila willistoni</i>, a species that has evolved a cellular immune system with extensive variation and a high degree of plasticity. Monoclonal antibodies were raised and used in indirect immunofluorescence experiments to characterize hemocyte subpopulations, follow their functional features and differentiation. Pagocytosis and parasitization assays were used to determine the functional characteristics of hemocyte types. Samples were visualized using confocal and epifluorescence microscopy. We identified a new multinucleated giant hemocyte (MGH) type, which differentiates in the course of the cellular immune response to parasitoids. These cells differentiate in the circulation through nuclear division and cell fusion, and can also be derived from the central hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland. They have a binary function as they take up bacteria by phagocytosis and are involved in the encapsulation and elimination of the parasitoid. Here, we show that, in response to large foreign particles, such as parasitoids, MGHs differentiate, have a binary function and contribute to a highly effective cellular immune response, similar to the foreign body giant cells of vertebrates.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/7/593hemocytemultinucleatedimmune response<i>Drosophila willistoni</i>parasitoid waspimmune cell |
| spellingShingle | Gyöngyi Cinege Kinga Fodor Lilla B. Magyar Zoltán Lipinszki Dan Hultmark István Andó Cellular Immunity of <i>Drosophila willistoni</i> Reveals Novel Complexity in Insect Anti-Parasitoid Defense Cells hemocyte multinucleated immune response <i>Drosophila willistoni</i> parasitoid wasp immune cell |
| title | Cellular Immunity of <i>Drosophila willistoni</i> Reveals Novel Complexity in Insect Anti-Parasitoid Defense |
| title_full | Cellular Immunity of <i>Drosophila willistoni</i> Reveals Novel Complexity in Insect Anti-Parasitoid Defense |
| title_fullStr | Cellular Immunity of <i>Drosophila willistoni</i> Reveals Novel Complexity in Insect Anti-Parasitoid Defense |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cellular Immunity of <i>Drosophila willistoni</i> Reveals Novel Complexity in Insect Anti-Parasitoid Defense |
| title_short | Cellular Immunity of <i>Drosophila willistoni</i> Reveals Novel Complexity in Insect Anti-Parasitoid Defense |
| title_sort | cellular immunity of i drosophila willistoni i reveals novel complexity in insect anti parasitoid defense |
| topic | hemocyte multinucleated immune response <i>Drosophila willistoni</i> parasitoid wasp immune cell |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/7/593 |
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