<i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> and Their Main Mycotoxins: Global Distribution and Scenarios of Interactions in Maize
Maize is frequently contaminated with multiple mycotoxins, especially those produced by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i>. As mycotoxin contamination is a critical factor that destabilizes global food safety, the current review provides an updated...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/9/577 |
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| author | Xiangrong Chen Mohamed F. Abdallah Sofie Landschoot Kris Audenaert Sarah De Saeger Xiangfeng Chen Andreja Rajkovic |
| author_facet | Xiangrong Chen Mohamed F. Abdallah Sofie Landschoot Kris Audenaert Sarah De Saeger Xiangfeng Chen Andreja Rajkovic |
| author_sort | Xiangrong Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Maize is frequently contaminated with multiple mycotoxins, especially those produced by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i>. As mycotoxin contamination is a critical factor that destabilizes global food safety, the current review provides an updated overview of the (co-)occurrence of <i>A. flavus</i> and <i>F. verticillioides</i> and (co-)contamination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) in maize. Furthermore, it summarizes their interactions in maize. The gathered data predict the (co-)occurrence and virulence of <i>A. flavus</i> and <i>F. verticillioides</i> would increase worldwide, especially in European cold climate countries. Studies on the interaction of both fungi regarding their growth mainly showed antagonistic interactions in vitro or in planta conditions. However, the (co-)contamination of AFB1 and FB1 has risen worldwide in the last decade. Primarily, this co-contamination increased by 32% in Europe (2010–2020 vs. 1992–2009). This implies that fungi and mycotoxins would severely threaten European-grown maize. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:53:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-388b706adc994188af75be644e2f2ac6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:53:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-388b706adc994188af75be644e2f2ac62023-11-19T13:16:17ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512023-09-0115957710.3390/toxins15090577<i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> and Their Main Mycotoxins: Global Distribution and Scenarios of Interactions in MaizeXiangrong Chen0Mohamed F. Abdallah1Sofie Landschoot2Kris Audenaert3Sarah De Saeger4Xiangfeng Chen5Andreja Rajkovic6Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumCentre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumShandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250014, ChinaDepartment of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumMaize is frequently contaminated with multiple mycotoxins, especially those produced by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i>. As mycotoxin contamination is a critical factor that destabilizes global food safety, the current review provides an updated overview of the (co-)occurrence of <i>A. flavus</i> and <i>F. verticillioides</i> and (co-)contamination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) in maize. Furthermore, it summarizes their interactions in maize. The gathered data predict the (co-)occurrence and virulence of <i>A. flavus</i> and <i>F. verticillioides</i> would increase worldwide, especially in European cold climate countries. Studies on the interaction of both fungi regarding their growth mainly showed antagonistic interactions in vitro or in planta conditions. However, the (co-)contamination of AFB1 and FB1 has risen worldwide in the last decade. Primarily, this co-contamination increased by 32% in Europe (2010–2020 vs. 1992–2009). This implies that fungi and mycotoxins would severely threaten European-grown maize.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/9/577food safetymaize<i>Aspergillus flavus</i><i>Fusarium verticillioides</i>co-occurrenceaflatoxin B1 |
| spellingShingle | Xiangrong Chen Mohamed F. Abdallah Sofie Landschoot Kris Audenaert Sarah De Saeger Xiangfeng Chen Andreja Rajkovic <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> and Their Main Mycotoxins: Global Distribution and Scenarios of Interactions in Maize Toxins food safety maize <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> co-occurrence aflatoxin B1 |
| title | <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> and Their Main Mycotoxins: Global Distribution and Scenarios of Interactions in Maize |
| title_full | <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> and Their Main Mycotoxins: Global Distribution and Scenarios of Interactions in Maize |
| title_fullStr | <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> and Their Main Mycotoxins: Global Distribution and Scenarios of Interactions in Maize |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> and Their Main Mycotoxins: Global Distribution and Scenarios of Interactions in Maize |
| title_short | <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> and Their Main Mycotoxins: Global Distribution and Scenarios of Interactions in Maize |
| title_sort | i aspergillus flavus i and i fusarium verticillioides i and their main mycotoxins global distribution and scenarios of interactions in maize |
| topic | food safety maize <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> co-occurrence aflatoxin B1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/9/577 |
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