Resistance Mechanisms to 2,4-D in Six Different Dicotyledonous Weeds Around the World
2,4-D resistance is increasing around the world due to both transgenic crops and resistance to other herbicides. The objective of the this study was to characterize the currently unknown mechanisms of 2,4-D resistance in five weed species from around the globe: <i>Amaranthus hybridus</i>...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/4/566 |
| _version_ | 1797570665637740544 |
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| author | Candelario Palma-Bautista Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado Ignacio Dellaferrera Jesús M. Rosario Mario R. Vigna Joel Torra Rafael de Prado |
| author_facet | Candelario Palma-Bautista Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado Ignacio Dellaferrera Jesús M. Rosario Mario R. Vigna Joel Torra Rafael de Prado |
| author_sort | Candelario Palma-Bautista |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | 2,4-D resistance is increasing around the world due to both transgenic crops and resistance to other herbicides. The objective of the this study was to characterize the currently unknown mechanisms of 2,4-D resistance in five weed species from around the globe: <i>Amaranthus hybridus</i> (Argentina), <i>Conyza canadensis</i> (Hungary), <i>Conyza sumatrensis</i> (France), <i>Hirschfeldia incana</i> (Argentina) and <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i> (Dominican Republic), using <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> (Spain) as a standard resistant (R) species. Dose-response trials using malathion and absorption, translocation and metabolism experiments were performed to unravel the resistance mechanisms. R plants produced at least 3-folds less ethylene than susceptible plants, confirming the resistance to 2,4-D, together with resistance factors >4. <i>A. hybridus</i>, <i>P. hysterophorus</i> and <i>P. rhoeas</i> showed both reduced translocation and enhanced metabolism. In the two <i>Conyza</i> sps., the only resistance mechanism found was enhanced metabolism. Malathion synergized with 2,4-D in all these species, indicating the role of cytochrome P450 in the herbicide degradation. In <i>H. incana</i>, reduced translocation was the only contributing mechanism to resistance. Among the six dicotyledonous weed species investigated, there was a differential contribution to 2,4-D resistance of enhanced metabolism and reduced translocation. Thus, extrapolating 2,4-D resistance mechanisms from one weed species to another is very risky, if even related. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:27:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-38975f2c48ac4774bc0bb1068b59657d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:27:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-38975f2c48ac4774bc0bb1068b59657d2023-11-19T21:35:59ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-04-0110456610.3390/agronomy10040566Resistance Mechanisms to 2,4-D in Six Different Dicotyledonous Weeds Around the WorldCandelario Palma-Bautista0Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado1Ignacio Dellaferrera2Jesús M. Rosario3Mario R. Vigna4Joel Torra5Rafael de Prado6Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, SpainDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, SpainFaculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of the Litoral, Esperanza 3080, ArgentinaDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, SpainAgricultural Experimental Station (EEA), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) Bordenave, Bordenave, Buenos Aires 8187, ArgentinaDepartment of Horticulture, Botany and Gardening, Agrotecnio, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, SpainDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain2,4-D resistance is increasing around the world due to both transgenic crops and resistance to other herbicides. The objective of the this study was to characterize the currently unknown mechanisms of 2,4-D resistance in five weed species from around the globe: <i>Amaranthus hybridus</i> (Argentina), <i>Conyza canadensis</i> (Hungary), <i>Conyza sumatrensis</i> (France), <i>Hirschfeldia incana</i> (Argentina) and <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i> (Dominican Republic), using <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> (Spain) as a standard resistant (R) species. Dose-response trials using malathion and absorption, translocation and metabolism experiments were performed to unravel the resistance mechanisms. R plants produced at least 3-folds less ethylene than susceptible plants, confirming the resistance to 2,4-D, together with resistance factors >4. <i>A. hybridus</i>, <i>P. hysterophorus</i> and <i>P. rhoeas</i> showed both reduced translocation and enhanced metabolism. In the two <i>Conyza</i> sps., the only resistance mechanism found was enhanced metabolism. Malathion synergized with 2,4-D in all these species, indicating the role of cytochrome P450 in the herbicide degradation. In <i>H. incana</i>, reduced translocation was the only contributing mechanism to resistance. Among the six dicotyledonous weed species investigated, there was a differential contribution to 2,4-D resistance of enhanced metabolism and reduced translocation. Thus, extrapolating 2,4-D resistance mechanisms from one weed species to another is very risky, if even related.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/4/566<i>Amaranthus hybridus</i><i>Conyza</i> sp.cytochrome P450enhanced metabolism<i>Hirschfeldia incana</i><i>Papaver rhoeas</i> |
| spellingShingle | Candelario Palma-Bautista Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado Ignacio Dellaferrera Jesús M. Rosario Mario R. Vigna Joel Torra Rafael de Prado Resistance Mechanisms to 2,4-D in Six Different Dicotyledonous Weeds Around the World Agronomy <i>Amaranthus hybridus</i> <i>Conyza</i> sp. cytochrome P450 enhanced metabolism <i>Hirschfeldia incana</i> <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> |
| title | Resistance Mechanisms to 2,4-D in Six Different Dicotyledonous Weeds Around the World |
| title_full | Resistance Mechanisms to 2,4-D in Six Different Dicotyledonous Weeds Around the World |
| title_fullStr | Resistance Mechanisms to 2,4-D in Six Different Dicotyledonous Weeds Around the World |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resistance Mechanisms to 2,4-D in Six Different Dicotyledonous Weeds Around the World |
| title_short | Resistance Mechanisms to 2,4-D in Six Different Dicotyledonous Weeds Around the World |
| title_sort | resistance mechanisms to 2 4 d in six different dicotyledonous weeds around the world |
| topic | <i>Amaranthus hybridus</i> <i>Conyza</i> sp. cytochrome P450 enhanced metabolism <i>Hirschfeldia incana</i> <i>Papaver rhoeas</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/4/566 |
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